“轻趋四方”:宋代汇兑制度与汇兑网络的形成与演变  

“Light Steps to All Directions”:the Formation and Evolution of theRemittance System and Network in the Song Dynasty

作　　者：邱永志 刘萧 QIU Yongzhi;LIU Xiao(School of History and Archives,Yunnan Uinversity,Kunming,Yunnan 650091)

机构地区：[1]云南大学历史与档案学院,云南昆明650091

出　　处：《江西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第2期129-142,共14页Journal of Jiangxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金中国历史研究院重大招标项目“古代边疆市场发展与中华民族交往交流交融研究”(编号:23VLS018);国家社会科学基金项目“货币转型下明代信用发展研究”(编号:22CZS034);中国历史研究院“兰台青年学者”项资助目(编号:2024LTQN603)。

摘　　要：宋代在承继唐代飞钱制度的基础上,建立起王朝时代首个大规模的汇兑系统。宋廷不仅建立起以京师为中心的汇兑制度,而且设立便钱务这类专门机构予以经营,其后进一步将其整合至拥有大量物资和现钱储备、具有分支机构的榷货务系统中运行。相较于唐代,入便制度设置更为完备,也更为灵活、多样。宋代的官营汇兑制度既为王朝的财政资源调动提供财政型汇兑业务,也为商民群体提供商贸型汇兑服务。在市场经济发展与货币化财政的驱动下,官营汇兑网络不断突破京师—地方的单一纵向网络,建立起地方—地方之间的横向网络,从而使得整个网络纵横交错化。与此同时,盐茶钞引等颇具规模的专卖凭证实际也发挥着特种行业大宗资金汇兑的角色,金银、绢帛等轻赍品发挥着大额或一般性的资金汇兑功能。入便制与盐茶钞引、白银等实际构成了宋代跨越地域而又富有立体、层次的汇兑系统。On the basis of inheriting the flying money system of the Tang Dynasty,the Song Dynasty established the first large-scale remittance system in the dynasty era.The Song Court not only established the remittance system centered on the capital,but also set up special agencies to operate it and then further integrated it into the consultation system,supported by substantial materials and cash reserves and a network of branches.Compared to the Tang Dynasty,the system of entry and defecation is more comprehensive,flexible,and diverse.The official remittance system in the Song Dynasty not only provided“financial remittance”business for the mobilization of financial resources in the dynasty,but also provided“commercial remittance”services to merchants.Driven by the development of market economy and monetized finance,the government-run exchange network gradually expanded beyond the initial single vertical network connecting Beijing with local governments,establishing horizontal networks among local governments.This development resulted in a crisscrossing network structure.At the same time,large-scale monopoly certificates such as salt and tea banknotes also played the role of bulk fund remittance in special industries,while lighter commodities like gold and silver,silk fabrics served as means for large or general fund remittance.In fact,the remittance system of the Song Dynasty,salt and tea banknotes,silver and so on,constituted a three-dimensional and hierarchical remittance system that crossed the region.

关 键 词：宋代 便钱 铜钱 白银 汇兑网络 

分 类 号：K244[历史地理—历史学] F822.9[历史地理—中国史]