基于土壤质量指数与QBS-ar指数的大兴安岭重度火烧迹地土壤健康评价  

Soil Health Evaluation of Severely Burned Areas in Daxing’an Mountains based on Soil Quality Index and Soil Biological Quality-arthropod Index

作　　者：池成林 崔嵘 董立本 王剑南 张吉利 CHI Chenglin;CUI Rong;DONG Liben;WANG Jiannan;ZHANG Jili(Harbin Research Institute of Forestry Machinery,National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Harbin 150086,Heilongjiang;Research Center of Cold Temperate Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Harbin 150086,Heilongjiang;Fuyuan National Key Field Observation and Research Station for Forest Ecosystem in Heilongjiang,Fuyuan 156500,Heilongjiang)

机构地区：[1]国家林业和草原局哈尔滨林业机械研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150086 [2]中国林业科学研究院寒温带林业研究中心,黑龙江哈尔滨150086 [3]黑龙江抚远森林生态系统定位观测研究站,黑龙江抚远156500

出　　处：《温带林业研究》2025年第2期1-8,共8页Journal of Temperate Forestry Research

基　　金：国家林业和草原局林草科技创新发展研究项目(2023132032)。

摘　　要：【目的】大兴安岭呼中森林带是国家“三区四带”重要生态系统保护和修复重大工程总体布局中的重要组分,在火干扰导致的森林土壤退化下,通过综合评估火干扰对大兴安岭呼中林区土壤质量的影响,为科学制定中国生态脆弱区自然恢复过程中土壤提质增效方案提供科学依据。【方法】2024年9月,在黑龙江省大兴安岭呼中林业局,选择偃松-落叶松林和白桦-落叶松林随机布设处理与对照各10块样地,每块样地面积为10 m×10 m。分别采用土钻法和改良的Berlese-Tullgren干漏斗法提取中型土壤动物,同时测定土壤pH、土壤养分(全碳、全氮、全磷、全钾、全镁、全铝、全硼和全钠)等土壤环境因子,评价与分析火干扰7年后对大兴安岭白桦-落叶松林和偃松-落叶松林土壤质量与主要障碍因子。【结果】2024年9月,分别在偃松-落叶松林火烧迹地与白桦-落叶松林火烧迹地收集中型土壤动物38 525头和67 012头,均隶属2纲。数据分析表明,火干扰显著提高了偃松-落叶松林火烧迹地的土壤全钙和全钠(P <0.05或P <0.001),但对白桦-落叶松林无显著影响。火干扰显著降低了白桦-落叶松林中型土壤动物群的个体数(P <0.05),但对偃松-落叶松林火烧迹地无显著影响。火干扰均显著降低了偃松-落叶松林火烧迹地和白桦-落叶松林火烧迹地的土壤质量指数(P <0.05),但对两种林型火烧迹地的QBS-ar指数无显著影响。Pearson相关性分析结果表明,两种林型火烧迹地的土壤质量指数与QBS-ar指数间无显著相关性。【结论】火干扰降低了大兴安岭森林土壤质量指数和QBS-ar指数。因此,在未来偃松-落叶松林和白桦-落叶松林的自然恢复经营中,应针对土壤障碍因子精准调整土壤改良措施,合理施策以提质增效,加快土壤地力提升。【Objective】The Huzhong forest belt in Daxing’an Mountains constitutes a vital component of China’s national ecological security strategic pattern,particularly within the comprehensive framework of the“three zones and four belts”key ecological protection and restoration initiative.Given the soil degradation in forested areas caused by fire disturbances,a thorough assessment of the impact of these disturbances on soil quality in the Daxing’an Mountains offers a scientific basis for formulating effective strategies to improve soil quality and restoration efficiency during the natural recovery process of ecologically fragile regions in China.【Method】In September 2024,ten 10 m×10 m plots were systematically established in both Pinus pumila-Larix gmelinii forest and the Betula platyphylla-Larix gmelinii forest within the Huzhong forest region of the Daxing’an Mountains,Heilongjiang province.Soil cores were extracted using a coring device,and mesofauna were collected using the modified Berlese-Tullgren dry funnel method.Concurrently,soil pH and fertility levels(including total carbon,nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,magnesium,aluminum,boron,and sodium)were measured.This study aimed to evaluate and analyze soil quality and identify key factors influencing it in Pinus pumila-Larix gmelinii and Betula platyphylla-Larix gmelinii forests in the Daxing’an Mountains seven years after a fire disturbance.【Result】In September 2024,a total of 38525 soil animals were collected from the Pinus pumila-Larix gmelinii forest,while 67012 soil animals were collected from the Betula platyphylla-Larix gmelinii forest.These specimens belong to two classes.Data analysis revealed that fire disturbance significantly increased the total calcium content,and total sodium content in the Pinus pumila-Larix gmelinii forest of the burned area,relative to the control plot(P<0.05 or P<0.001).In contrast,no significant effects were observed in the Betula platyphylla-Larix gmelinii forest.Fire disturbance significantly reduced the

关 键 词：大兴安岭 火烧迹地 土壤质量指数 QBS-ar指数 土壤健康评价 

分 类 号：S714[农业科学—林学]