海洋硅藻的固碳效应及人工增汇前景  

Carbon Sequestration Effect and Prospects for Artificial Sinking Enhancement of Marine Diatoms

作　　者：朱华玺 禤锟 周玲玲 曾志宏 葛晨东[1,3] 胡镕 ZHU Huaxi;XUAN Kun;ZHOU Lingling;ZENG Zhihong;GE Chendong;HU Rong(School of Geography and Ocean Science,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China;School of Life Sciences,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China;Key Laboratory of Coast and Island Development of Ministry of Education,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学地理与海洋科学学院,南京210023 [2]南京大学生命科学学院,南京210023 [3]南京大学海岸与海岛开发教育部重点实验室,南京210023

出　　处：《高校地质学报》2025年第2期152-164,共13页Geological Journal of China Universities

基　　金：南京大学“千”层次优质课程建设项目资助。

摘　　要：海洋作为地球系统最大的活跃碳库,具有巨大的固碳增汇潜力。得益于独特的生理结构、广泛的分布范围、高效的固碳机制和强大的增殖能力,硅藻贡献了约40%的海洋初级生产力和40%的颗粒有机碳输出份额,在海洋生物碳泵中占据重要地位。一方面,得益于强大的CO2浓缩机制(CCMs)和高效的生物物理和生物化学固碳过程,硅藻具有强大的固碳效率和环境适应性;另一方面,硅藻也为碳捕获、利用与封存(CCUS)提供了生物固碳技术的新思路。寻找合适的固碳藻类、选育高速生长的种属、创造合适的生长环境、提高光合作用效率成为硅藻固碳得以应用的关键。为此,现有研究利用室内生理实验探究硅藻生理活性和固碳效率的控制因素,进一步从全球生物地球化学循环的视角评估硅藻对全球变化的响应,为理解硅藻的自然碳汇和人工增汇前景提供了重要的理论基础。硅藻有望发展成为一个“微生物固碳工厂”,以最大限度地利用其固碳能力,并生产一系列具有商业价值的副产品。若能切实降低固碳成本,硅藻固碳未来将会是一个科技可持续支撑“双碳计划”的解决方案。The ocean,as the largest active carbon reservoir in the Earth surface system,presents a huge potential for carbon sequestration.Owing to their unique physiological structure,widespread distribution,efficient carbon sequestration mechanisms,and strong proliferative capacity,diatoms contribute about 40%of ocean primary productivity and 40%of particulate organic carbon export,playing an important role in the marine biological carbon pump.These organisms exhibit robust carbon sequestration efficiency and exceptional adaptability through powerful CO2 concentrating mechanisms(CCMs)and efficient biophysical and biochemical carbon fixation processes.They also offer opportunities for Carbon Capture,Utilization,and Storage(CCUS),presenting innovative avenues for biological carbon sequestration technology.Identifying and cultivating fast-growing diatom species, optimizing growth conditions, and enhancing photosynthesis efficiency are critical aspects. Current research has employed indoor physiological experiments to decipher factors influencing their physiological activities and carbon sequestration efficiency and further assessed the response of diatoms to global change from the perspective of global biogeochemical cycling. This provides an important theoretical basis for evaluating diatom-mediated natural carbon sequestration and their artificial augmentation prospects. Envisioned as a “microbial carbon sequestration factory”, diatoms hold promise in maximizing carbon sequestration capabilities while generating commercially valuable products. If the cost of carbon sequestration can be effectively reduced, diatom-driven carbon sequestration will be a technologically sustainable solution to support the “Dual Carbon Plan” in the future.

关 键 词：硅藻 双碳计划 固碳增汇 全球变化 

分 类 号：P73[天文地球—海洋科学]