“数据要素×”赋能是否缩小了国家间技术差距?:基于要素协同视角  

Whether"Data Factor×"Empowerment Narrow the Technology Gap Between Countries?:An Analysis Based on the Factor Synergy Perspective

作　　者：王恕立[1] 朱梦杰 吴楚豪 WANG Shuli;ZHU Mengjie;WU Chuhao

机构地区：[1]武汉理工大学经济学院 [2]海南大学国际商学院

出　　处：《世界经济研究》2025年第3期108-121,M0004,共15页World Economy Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“数字化驱动服务业全要素生产率提升的机制及路径”(项目编号:24BJL076);国家自然科学基金青年项目“先进制造业服务化的生产率效应研究:理论机制、实证识别与政策优化”(项目编号:72203055);海南省自然科学基金青年项目“数字技术如何赋能海南自贸港的经济高质量增长:理论模型与监测预警”(项目编号:722QN295)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：随着全球数字化变革加速,“数据要素×”赋能对国家间技术差距的影响成为数字经济时代亟待回答的问题。文章基于2014—2021年30个国家(地区)的面板数据,从数据要素协同数据劳动力与数据资本两条路径分析“数据要素×”赋能对国家间技术差距的影响及其作用机制。研究发现,“数据要素×”赋能总体上显著缩小各国与技术前沿国的技术差距,该结论在经过多种稳健性检验和内生性检验后仍然成立。机制检验显示,“数据要素×”赋能通过降低数据跨境流动成本和加强数字安全技术使用强度进而缩小各国与技术前沿国的技术差距;并且,数据基础设施水平在“数据要素×”赋能缩小各国与技术前沿国技术差距的过程中具有正向调节作用。异质性分析显示,“数据要素×”赋能有利于缩小高收入国家、传统服务业领域与技术前沿国的技术差距,扩大低收入国家、数字服务业领域与技术前沿国的技术差距。以中国为基准国的进一步分析发现,“数据要素×”赋能扩大了落后国与中国的技术差距,缩小了中国与先进国的技术差距,且中国在“数据要素×”赋能缩小“一带一路”合作国家与技术前沿国的技术差距中发挥了重要作用。With the acceleration of global digitalization,it is urgent to answer the question of whether the"Data Factor×"empowerment reduces the technology gap in the digital economy era.Based on panel data from30countries between2014and2021,the article analyzes the impact of"Data Factor×"empowerment on the technology gap between countries and frontier countries,as well as the underlying logic from the perspective of factor synergy.The study finds that overall,"Data Factor×"empowerment significantly reduces the technology gap between countries and frontier countries.The article verifies two pathways as follows:data factor synergy with data labor force and data cap×ital,and the conclusion is still valid after a series of robustness tests and endogeneity tests.The mechanism test shows that"Data Factor"empowerment reduces the technology gap between countries and frontier countries by reducing the cost of cross-border data flow and intensifying the use of digital technology.Moreover,data infrastructure can enhance the role of"Data Factor×"in narrowing the technology gap between countries and frontier countries.Heterogeneity analyses show that"Data Factor×"empowerment is conducive to narrowing the technology gap between high-income countries and frontier countries in traditional services,while widening the technology gap between low-income countries and frontier countries in digital services.Further analysis with China as the benchmark country reveals that"Data Factor×"widens the technology gap between lagging countries and China,but narrows the technology gap between China and advanced countries.China is one of the most important countries in narrowing the technology gap between countries along the Belt and Road and the frontier countries.China plays an important role in narrowing the technology gap between countries along the"Belt and Road"and frontier countries.

关 键 词：“数据要素×”赋能 数据劳动力 数据资本 技术差距 

分 类 号：F49[经济管理—产业经济]