有机替代下盐碱土团聚体速效养分化学计量特征  

Stoichiometric Characteristics of Readily Available Nutrients in Saline-alkali Soil Aggregates under Organic Substitution Conditions

作　　者：顾鑫[1,2] 王丽娜 任翠梅[1,2] 杨丽[1] 李娜宋敏超 王迪[1,2] CU Xin;WANG Lina;REN Cuimei;YANG Li;LI Na;SONG Minchao;WANG Di(Daqing Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Daqing 163316,China;Daqing Experimental Station of National Center of Technology Innovation for Comprehensive Utilization of Saline-alkali Land,Daqing 163316,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院大庆分院,大庆163316 [2]国家盐碱地综合利用技术创新中心大庆试验站,大庆163316

出　　处：《内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第2期38-44,共7页Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：黑龙江省农业科技创新跨越工程项目(CX23YQ17,CX23GG09);黑龙江省省属科研院所科研业务费项目(CZKYF2022-1-C041,CZKYF2024-1-C005)。

摘　　要：本文探究有机替代下盐碱土团聚体速效养分的化学计量特征,为盐碱土改良和施肥策略提供科学参考。于2021年—2023年在黑龙江省农业科学院大庆分院科研基地开展田间试验,设置了空白对照(CK)、常规单施化肥(F)、化肥减量配腐植酸(FA)、化肥减量配生物炭(FB)、化肥减量同时配腐植酸和生物炭(FAB)5个处理。在2023年当季作物收获后采集土样,测定土壤团聚体组成及其速效养分含量,并进一步计算速效养分的化学计量比。结果表明:土壤大团聚体(>250μm)含量多少的顺序为FAB>FA>FB>CK>F,微团聚体(<250μm)含量多少的顺序恰好相反,差异显著(P<0.05)。FAB的大团聚体含量达到23.21%,是CK的3.9倍。相比于CK处理,FA、FB和FAB处理大团聚体和微团聚体中有机碳、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量均显著增加(P<0.05)。FAB的大团聚体中有机碳、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量达到31.51 g/kg、328.53 mg/kg、531.98 mg/kg、423.13 mg/kg,均高于其他处理,分别是CK的2.7倍、2.6倍、20.3倍、20.1倍。FAB的微团聚体中有机碳含量为9.68 g/kg,与F和FB差异不显著,是CK的1.4倍;FAB的碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量分别为258.53 mg/kg、335.76 mg/kg、320.70 mg/kg,均高于其他处理,分别是CK的2.5倍、15.9倍、1.7倍。FAB的大团聚体碳氮比、碳钾比、氮钾比、磷钾比及微团聚体氮钾比和磷钾比显著升高(P<0.05)。综上,腐植酸与生物炭联合应用、部分替代化肥,有助于促进盐碱土微团聚体向大团聚体转化,并增加土壤团聚体中速效养分含量,改善化学计量特征,对盐碱土的肥力提升与养分平衡产生了积极作用。The study explored the stoichiometric characteristics of readily available nutrients in soil aggregates under organic substitu-tion,aiming to provide scientific references for the improvement and fertilization strategies of saline-alkali soils.A field experiment was conducted from 2021 to 2023 at the research base of the Daqing Branch of the Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences.Five treatments were set up,including a blank control(CK),conventional single application of chemical fertilizer(F),reduced chemical fertilizer with humic acid(FA),reduced chemical fertilizer with biochar(FB),and reduced chemical fertilizer combined with both humic acid and biochar(FAB).Post-harvest soil samples were collected in 2023 to determine the composition of soil aggre-gates and the contents of readily available nutrients,followed by the calculation of the stoichiometric ratios of these nutrients.The results showed that the content of soil macro-aggregates(>250μm)ranked in the order of FAB>FA>FB>CK>F,while the content of micro-aggregates(<250μm)was exactly the opposite order,with a significant difference(P<0.05).The content of macro-aggregates in the FAB reached 23.21%,which was 3.9 times more than that in the CK.Overall,compared with the CK group,the contents of organic carbon,alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus,and readily available potassium in the macro-aggregates and micro-aggregates in the FA,FB,and FAB increased significantly(P<0.05).In the FAB,the contents of organic carbon,alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus,and readily available potassium in the macro-aggregates reached 31.51 g/kg,328.53 mg/kg,531.98 mg/kg,and 423.13 mg/kg,respectively,all higher than the other treatments,and 2.7,2.6,20.3,and 20.1 times higher than those in the CK group.The organic carbon content in the micro-aggregates in the FAB was 9.68 g/kg,insignificantly different from the F and FB,but 1.4 times higher than that of CK.Furthermore,the contents of alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phos-phorus,and readily available

关 键 词：有机物料 盐碱土 土壤团聚体 速效养分 化学计量比 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学]