低扰动开沟器研究进展与展望  

Research Progress and Prospect of Low-disturbance Furrow Openers

作　　者：贺长彬 吴美红 郭艳颖 姚一 杜超宇 HE Changbin;WU Meihong;GUO Yanying;YAO Yi;DU Chaoyu(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China;Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for the Entire Process of Forage and Feed Production,Hohhot010018,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学机电工程学院,呼和浩特010018 [2]牧草饲料生产全程智能化装备内蒙古自治区工程研究中心,呼和浩特010018

出　　处：《内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第2期90-100,共11页Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2024LHMS05001);内蒙古自治区高等学校青年科技英才支持计划资助项目(NJYT24046);内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2022YFDZ0019)。

摘　　要：开沟器作为播种机的重要组成部件之一,其作业性能直接影响播种机的作业效果。为向低扰动开沟器的优化设计研究提供参考和支持,本文重点梳理了国内外低扰动开沟器的研究现状。首先,文章综述了低扰动开沟器的类型、特点,以及研究现状,详细介绍了圆盘式开沟器、倒“T”型开沟器及其他类型低扰动开沟器的工作原理、研究进展、优势与不足。然后,总结了当前开沟器优化设计过程中采用的主要方法,即建立数学模型、开展数值模拟试验、生物耦合仿生,以及优化材料与加工工艺。最后,探讨了智能化技术对低扰动开沟的影响。研究提出,未来建立统一的低扰动开沟性能评价标准、利用多软件耦合分析土壤与开沟器之间的相互作用关系、加强智能化技术的融合与创新,将是推动低扰动开沟器的广泛应用与智能化发展的重要方向。Furrow opener,as a crucial component of a seeder,has a direct impact on overall seeding performance.To provide refer-ences and supports for the optimal design of low-disturbance furrow openers,this paper systematically reviewed the current research status of such openers in China and abroad.First,the main types and characteristics of low-disturbance furrow openers were summa-rized,with particular attention to disk-type openers,inverted T-type openers,and other low-disturbance variants.Their working principles,research progress,advantages,and limitations were discussed in detail.Next,the primary methods for optimizing furrow openers were highlighted,including mathematical modeling,numerical simulation experiments,bio-coupled bionic approaches,and improvements in materials and manufacturing processes.Finally,the influence of intelligent technologies on low-disturbance fur-row opening method was explored.The study indicated that,in the future,establishing unified low-disturbance performance evalua-tion standards,conducting multi-software coupling analyses of soil-opener interactions,and enhancing the integration and innovation of intelligent technologies will be crucial directions for promoting broader application and intelligent development of low-disturbance furrowopeners.

关 键 词：土壤扰动 开沟器 低扰动 参数优化 

分 类 号：S222[农业科学—农业机械化工程]