大语言模型赋能舆情治理现代化:价值、风险与路径  

Enabling Modernization of Public Opinion Governance with Large Language Models:Values,Risks,and Paths

作　　者：梁炜[1] 许振宇 Liang Wei;Xu Zhenyu

机构地区：[1]西北大学应急管理学院

出　　处：《中国应急管理科学》2025年第1期93-103,共11页Journal of China Emergency Management Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目《城市社区应对重大公共危机事件的韧性治理机制研究》(23BZZ023);国家自然科学基金青年项目《试点政策的效果评价和机制识别》(72204198)。

摘　　要：以大语言模型为代表的通用人工智能技术能够以深度智能、精准决策、主体性参与的方式重塑舆情治理,以适应网络3.0时代以及社交机器人、“深度伪造”和社交媒体开源情报分析等人工智能应用同时涌现所构成的社会媒体“认知对抗场域”的新变化和新需求。本文基于全周期危机管理的视角,分析了基于大语言模型的通用人工智能对舆情治理现代化的嵌入机制,认为大语言模型在舆情演化的潜伏期—扩散期—消退期中发挥舆情监测和信息智能化收集、舆情研判、引导、规制和辅助决策以及保护舆情“弱势群体”的功能与价值,但也面临技术、伦理和治理机制等方面的风险,针对价值与风险,在战略定位、治理框架、数据安全、隐私保护、资源整合等方面提出发展路径和对策建议,为有效利用大数据和人工智能技术提升舆情治理现代化水平提供参考。General artificial intelligence technology,represented by large language mod-els,is reshaping public opinion governance in the form of deep intelligence,precise decision-making,and subjectivity participation,so as to adapt to the new changes and new needs of the current and future network 3.O era and the social media"Cognitive Confrontation Field"where artificial intelligences such as social robots,"Deep Fakes"and social media open source intel-ligence analysis are emerging at the same time.Based on the perspective of full-cycle crisis management,this paper analyzes the embedding mechanism of general artificial intelligence based on large language models for the modernization of public opinion governance.It has high functions and value in public opinion monitoring and intelligent information collection,public opinion judgment,public opinion guidance,regulation and assisted decision-making,and pro-tection of public opinion"Vulnerable Groups"during the incubation period,diffusion period and regression period of public opinion evolution.However,it also faces risks in terms of tech-nology,ethics and governance mechanisms.In view of the value and risk,this paper puts for-ward the development paths and countermeasures in terms of strategic orientation,governance framework,data security,privacy protection,resource integration,etc.,which provides a ref-erence for the effective use of big data and artificial intelligence technology to improve the mod-ernization of public opinion governance.

关 键 词：大语言模型 舆情治理 现代化 人工智能 

分 类 号：G203[文化科学—传播学]