基于响应面法的五轴机床十字滑座工艺参数优化  

Optimization of process parameters of five-axis machine tool’s cross slide based on response surface method

作　　者：刘科 廖映华 谭州 陈顺龙 LIU Ke;LIAO Yinghua;TAN Zhou;CHEN Shunlong(School of Mechanical Engineering,Sichuan University of Science&Engineering,Yibin 643002;Yibin Intelligent Terminal Digital Manufacturing Engineering Technology Research Center,Yibin 644000)

机构地区：[1]四川轻化工大学机械工程学院,四川宜宾643002 [2]宜宾市智能终端数字化制造工程技术研究中心,四川宜宾644000

出　　处：《机械设计》2025年第3期113-123,共11页Journal of Machine Design

基　　金：四川省科技厅重点研发项目(2021YFG0056);宜宾职业技术学院校级科研项目(ybzysc20-03)。

摘　　要：十字滑座是决定精密五轴数控机床性能的关键部件之一,为实现十字滑座质量、沿Z轴方向形变量和固有频率的综合优化,提出了一种结合参数灵敏性分析和2阶响应面预测模型的多目标优化设计方法。在静动态性能分析中,通过ANSYS平台获得了十字滑座静态工况下的整体质量、最大形变量和模态频率等参数,明确了该结构件的优化方向。在参数灵敏性分析中,以十字滑座内部各筋板厚度为例,将高敏感性参数作为最佳优化对象。在参数多目标优化中,应用Design-Expert平台对其进行组合试验,并对结果数据进行了二次多项式拟合分析,采用相似模型算法拟合出各设计变量对输出目标的响应曲面,进而通过多目标优化算法对各参数进行寻优求解,最终获得了十字滑座筋板厚度参数的最佳分配方案。结果表明:该方法能快速有效地获得十字滑座筋板结构优化设计问题中的最优解,优化后的十字滑座质量及形变量更小,且模态频率降低,筋板厚度分配更加合理,同时也为减小五轴数控机床几何误差研究提供了参考。The cross slide is one of the critical components to determine the performance of high-precision five-axis CNC machine tools.In this article,in order to optimize many factors such as cross-slide mass,deformation along the Z-axis direction and inherent frequency,a method of multi-objective optimization design is proposed,which combines the analysis on parameter sensitivity and the second-order response-surface prediction model.In the static-and-dynamic performance analysis,the ANSYS platform is used to identify the cross slide’s maximum deformation,overall mass,modal frequency,and other parameters;the direction of optimizing the structural component is clarified.In the parameter-sensitivity analysis,the thickness of each tendon plate inside the cross slide is taken as an example,and the susceptible parameters are taken as the best optimization objects.In the multi-objective parameter optimization,the Design-Expert platform is applied to the combined test;the results are analyzed by quadratic polynomial fitting;the response surface of each design variable to the output target is fitted with the help of the similar model algorithm.Then,the parameters are solved through the multi-objective optimization algorithm,so as to work out the best allocation of the cross-slide tendon plate’s thickness parameters.The results show that thanks to this method,the optimal solution to optimizing the cross-slide tendon plate is identified rapidly and effetively.After optimization,the cross slide is lighter in mass,smaller in deformation,and lower in modal frequency,with more reasonable distribution of the tendon plate’s thickness.This method provides reference for research on reducing geometric errors in 5-axis CNC machine tools.

关 键 词：五轴机床 十字滑座 敏感度 响应面 多目标参数优化 

分 类 号：TH122[机械工程—机械设计及理论]