东南亚大陆的狩猎采集者——以泰国为特定参照  

The Hunter-Gatherer Occupation of Mainland Southeast Asia--Take Thailand as a specific reference

作　　者： 李大伟(译) 陈淳(校)[3] Charles Highham;Li Dawei;Chen Chun

机构地区：[1]新西兰奥塔哥大学 [2]广西民族大学科技史与科技文化研究院 [3]复旦大学文物与博物馆学系

出　　处：《南方文物》2025年第1期98-108,共11页Cultural Relics in Southern China

基　　金：广西社科基金(项目编号:ZL2004009);广西壮族自治区重大人才项目资助。

摘　　要：解剖学上的现代人离开他们的非洲家园,最初很有可能沿着一条温暖而水源充足的路线东移。他们被证明至少在6万年前甚至很可能更早就与早期智人存在互动。在后来几千年里,我们可以看出他们对气候变化的适应能力,因为冷暖条件导致了陆地表面的扩张和收缩。虽然大多数信息来自内陆的岩棚遗址,但是三种主要栖居形态的存在愈加明显。另外两种栖居形态通常是靠近内陆河流的旷野遗址和海滨遗址,海滨遗址位于地势较高的地带,当时的海平面比现在高。后两类遗址反映一种复杂的定居聚落,伴有墓地,死者为屈肢葬,有少量的随葬品。虽然在偏远地区残留有一些土著狩猎采集者,但历史悠久的狩猎和采集传统大约在四千年前最早的水稻和小米种植者从北方扩散到东南亚时就已结束,并导致两种传统的混合。Anatomically Modern Humans migrating out of their African homeland are most likely to have initially followed a warm and well-watered route eastward.They are documented in Southeast Asia at least 60,000 years ago,and quite possibly much earlier,and would there have interacted with archaic humans.Over the following millennia,we can identify a resilient adaptation to the changing climate,as cold and warm conditions led to the expansion and contraction of the land surface.Although most information comes from inland rock shelters,but it is increasingly apparent that there are three major patterns of settlement.The other two are inland open sites,often adjacent to rivers,and coastal sites that survive only on raised coastal tracts settled when the sea level was higher than at present.These last two present an image of complex and often sedentary settlements that incorporated cemeteries in which the dead were interred in a flexed position with few mortuary offerings.This long tradition of hunting and gathering ended when the first rice and millet farmers expanded into Southeast Asia from the north about four millennia ago,leading to a mixing of the two traditions although some indigenous hunter gatherers survive in remote areas to this day.

关 键 词：和平文化 狩猎采集者 解剖学上的现代人 气候变化 

分 类 号：K33[历史地理—历史学] K86[历史地理—世界史]