浙江余杭跳头遗址出土商周铜器和土壤沉积物的铅同位素分析  

Lead Isotope Analysis of Shang and Zhou Bronzes and Soil Sediments Unearthed from the Tiaotou Site of Yuhang,Zhejiang

作　　者：杨冬宜 林森 吴晓桐 Yang Dongyi;Lin Sen;Wu Xiaotong

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学科技考古实验室 [2]香港中文大学人类学系,中国香港 [3]杭州市文物考古研究所 [4]中国人民大学历史学院

出　　处：《南方文物》2025年第1期175-185,共11页Cultural Relics in Southern China

摘　　要：浙江余杭跳头遗址从良渚文化时期延续至东周时期,发现晚商时期的石范、铜器和东周时期的青铜器,为研究商周时期浙江铸铜手工业和金属资源产地提供了重要材料。本研究对跳头遗址出土晚商和东周时期金属器进行了合金成分和铅同位素分析,同时对商代地层土壤开展了重金属元素和铅同位素分析。跳头遗址出土晚商时期铜器以铜铅二元合金为主,另有一件铅器,该时期所用铅料既有高放射成因铅,也有殷墟文化四期常见的普通铅,与同时期中原和长江流域所用铅料相同,表明跳头遗址铸铜业的产生与商代金属资源流通密切相关。商代地层土壤中的重金属含量升高,但是铅同位素比值与金属器不同,这说明商代的铸造规模较小,未对区域环境造成显著影响。跳头遗址东周时期青铜器以铜锡铅三元合金为主,铅料来源多样化,一部分铅料可能产自皖江地区或鄂东南,还有部分铅料可能产自浙西北本地,反映了越国青铜冶铸业的发展和东周时期金属资源流通的复杂性。Stone moulds and bronzes from the Late Shang and Eastern Zhou periods were discovered at the Tiaotou site in Yuhang district,Zhejiang province,which spans from the Liangzhu Culture period to the Eastern Zhou period.These artifacts are crucial for researching the craft of bronze casting and the provenance of metal resources in Zhejiang province during the Shang and Zhou periods.In this work,we examined the heavy metal components and lead isotope of the soil in the Shang strata as well as the alloy composition and lead isotope of the Late Shang and Eastern Zhou metal objects that were excavated from the site.The Late Shang bronzes that were discovered contained one lead objects and were primarily composed of copper-lead binary alloys.Both highly radiogenic lead and common lead used in the fourth phase of the Yinxu Culture were used in Tiaotou bronzes during this period.These lead materials were also used in the Central Plains and the Yangtze River Valley during the same period,suggesting that the bronze casting industry at the site was closely tied to the Shang Dynasty's metal resource circulation.Although the Shang stratum's soil had a higher concentration of heavy metals,the lead isotope ratios differ from those of the bronzes,suggesting that the Shang Dynasty's casting scale was limited and had little effect on the local environment.Copper,tin,and lead ternary alloys make up the majority of the Eastern Zhou period bronzes found at the site.The lead materials originate from a variety of sources,with some likely produced locally in the northwest of Zhejiang Province and others likely produced in the region along the Yangtze River Basin of Anhui Province or in Southeast Hubei Province.This reflects the growth of the Yue State's bronze metallurgical casting industry as well as the complexity of the metal resource circulation during the Eastern Zhou period.

关 键 词：余杭跳头 浙江 铸铜 铅同位素 商周青铜器 

分 类 号：K876.4[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]