绍兴南山遗址出土东周铅锡器的科学分析研究  

Scientific Research on Lead-Tin Artifacts of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty Unearthed from Nanshan Site in Shaoxing

作　　者：彭启晗 徐新民[2] 陈寅炜 王一帆 张吉 陈坤龙 Peng Qihan;Xu Xinmin;Chen Yinwei;Wang Yifan;Zhang Ji;Chen Kunlong

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学科技史与文化遗产研究院 [2]浙江省文物考古研究所 [3]北京大学考古文博学院

出　　处：《南方文物》2025年第1期186-196,共11页Cultural Relics in Southern China

基　　金：浙江省文物局文物保护科技项目“越文化地区出土东周青铜器的科技考古研究”(项目编号:2025004);科技基础资源科技基础资源调查专项下设课题“华中与华东地区先秦两汉时期矿冶遗址综合调查”(项目编号:2022FY101504)资助。

摘　　要：浙江绍兴南山遗址出土了较多铅锡器,以往在其他东周列国都邑遗址中较少发现。本研究对出土的13件片状、条状、棒状铅锡制品进行了取样分析,发现其中11件材质为铅锡合金,2件为铅块,其中一件铅块含有约2%的砷,另一件含少量锡。铅锡制品中普遍含有As3Sn4、Fe-Sn相等多种杂质,并显现出锡含量越高、金属越纯净的规律。金相观察发现很多样品存在塑性变形组织,结合其器物形态,判断应经过捶打加工成形。分析的6件铅锡制品的铅同位素结果显示含砷铅块的比值与浙东上虞银山铅矿石吻合,应为越国本地铅料;2件铅锡合金制品的原料可能来自湖南南部南岭地区。其余铅锡制品的铅同位素比值介于南岭型铅与浙东型铅之间,可能由两类物料混熔导致。这指示越国至迟在战国早期已对本国境内会稽山麓的铅矿进行了开采冶炼,同时也获取到了较多南岭山地的锡铅资源。A large number of lead-tin artifacts were unearthed at the Nanshan site in Shaoxing city,Zhejiang Province,which were rarely found in other city sites of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty as yet.This research analyzed 13 samples of unearthed lead-tin artifacts in the form of sheets,strips,and rods,and found that 1l of them were made of lead-tin alloys,and 2 were lead billets.One lead billet contains about 2% arsenic,and the other contains a small amount of tin.Lead-tin artifacts generally contain a variety of impurities such as As3Sn4 and Fe-Sn phase,and show a perceived rule that the higher the tin content,the purer the metal.Metallographic observationsfound that many samples had plastic deformation structures.Combined with their morphology,it was judged that they should have been hammered.The lead isotope results of the 6 lead-tin artifacts analyzed showed that the lead isotope ratio of arsenic-containing lead billet was consistent with the lead ore from Yinshan Mountain,Shangyu city,eastern Zhejiang Province,and should be the local lead product of Yue State.The raw materials of the 2 lead-tin alloys may come from the Nanling Mountains in southern Hunan province.The lead isotope ratios of the remaining lead-tin artifacts are between the Nanling lead and the eastern Zhejiang lead,which may be caused by the mixed melting of the two types of materials.This indicates that the Yue State had mined and smelted lead deposit at the foot of Kuaiji Mountain in its territory at the latest in the early Warring States Period,and also obtained a large amount of tin and lead resources from the Nanling Mountains.

关 键 词：铅锡器 南山遗址 越国 铅同位素比值 

分 类 号：K876.41[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]