古代两河流域洪水故事传统及其流变  

Traditions of Ancient Mesopotamian Flood Stories and Their Evolution

作　　者：陈飞[1] CHEN Fei

机构地区：[1]北京大学外国语学院

出　　处：《国外文学》2025年第1期42-52,共11页Foreign Literatures

摘　　要：《埃利都创世纪》中的吉乌苏德拉洪水故事、《阿特拉哈西斯史诗》中的阿特拉哈西斯洪水故事以及《吉尔伽美什史诗》中的乌塔纳皮什提洪水故事代表着古代两河流域三大洪水故事传统。通过比对和辨析三个故事的主人公、洪水叙事以及寓意可以发现,吉乌苏德拉洪水故事可能早在公元前三千纪便已出现,而阿特拉哈西斯故事和乌塔纳皮什提故事可能在古巴比伦时期先后出现。从吉乌苏德拉洪水故事传统到阿特拉哈西斯传统,再到乌塔纳皮什提传统,三者的顺次演变呈现出不断扩展和深入的发展趋势,这应当是古代两河流域文明的发展和文化的进步在文学上的反映。The Ziusudra flood story in The Eridu Genesis,the Atrahasis flood story in The Epic of Atrahasis and the Utanapishti flood story in The Epic of Gilgamesh stand for the three traditions of flood stories in ancient Mesopotamia.By comparing the heroes,the flood narrations and the morals of the three stories,we can find that the Ziusudra flood story might have come into being as early as the 3rd millennium BC,while the Atrahasis story,and then the Utanapishti story,might have appeared in the Old Babylonian period.From the Ziusudra flood story to the Atrahasis story,and then to the Utanapishti story,their sequential evolution showed a trend of constant expansion,which must have been a reflection of the development and progress of the ancient Mesopotamian civilization and culture in literature.

关 键 词：两河流域 洪水故事 吉乌苏德拉 阿特拉哈西斯 乌塔纳皮什提 

分 类 号：I106[文学—世界文学]