《呼啸山庄》中的死亡空间与社会身份叙事  

The Narrative of Death Spaces and Social Identity in Wuthering Heights

作　　者：张静波 ZHANG Jingbo

机构地区：[1]山东科技大学外国语学院

出　　处：《国外文学》2025年第1期117-129,共13页Foreign Literatures

基　　金：2019年国家社科基金项目“维多利亚小说中的视觉现象研究”(项目编号:19CWW015)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：艾米莉·勃朗特的《呼啸山庄》深刻揭示了死亡空间与社会身份叙事之间的复杂关联,为洞察维多利亚时期英国社会的宗教观念、社会阶层及身份认同开辟了独特视角。书中通过频繁交织的死亡事件,不仅是推动情节发展的核心动力,更是映射社会现实与人性复杂的一面棱镜。《呼啸山庄》中的天堂与地狱的概念不止限定于宗教内涵,它们是社会权力结构和阶层分化的隐喻,展现出宗教信仰与社会结构的密切联系。边缘人物如希斯克利夫、凯瑟琳和辛德利,他们所承受的社会压力激发了自我“第三空间”的构建。这一空间不囿于传统善恶的简单划分,为个体开辟了一条全新的身份认同与自我纾解之道。同时,19世纪中叶英国社会对逝者安葬空间的物理分配变革,亦成为社会权力结构调整的镜像。凯瑟琳与希斯克利夫对安息之所的抉择,凸显出个人意志与社会规范间的紧张对抗与微妙调和。艾米莉·勃朗特以卓越的叙事技巧将死亡空间锻造成映照社会身份叙事的镜像,为后世提供了透视维多利亚社会、宗教与道德结构的珍贵视角。Emily Bronte's Wuthering Heights profoundly examines the complex interplay between death spaces and social identity,offering a unique perspective on Victorian England's religious beliefs,social class and identity formation.The novel's frequent intertwining of death events serves not only as a core driving force for the plot but also reflects the complexities of social realities and human nature.The concepts of heaven and hell in Wuthering Heights extend beyond religious connotations,functioning as metaphors for social power structures and class distinctions,thereby highlighting the close connection between religious faith and social hierarchy.Marginal characters like Heathclff,Catherine and Hindley,burdened by social pressures,inspire the creation of their own third space.This space transcends the traditional dichotomies of good and evil,providing individuals with a new path for identity formation and personal resolution.Furthermore,the mid-19th century transformation of physical allocation of burial spaces in England mirrors adjustments in social power structures.Catherine and Heathcliff's choices regarding their resting places highlight the tension and subtle reconciliation between personal agency and social norms.Through exceptional narrative techniques,Emily Bronte crafts the space of death as a mirror reflecting social identity narratives,providing a valuable lens for understanding the structures of Victorian society,religion and morality.

关 键 词：《呼啸山庄》 死亡空间 社会身份 边缘人物 第三空间 

分 类 号：I106.4[文学—世界文学]