1990—2021年中国归因于颗粒物污染的0~14岁儿童疾病负担分析  

Disease burden attributable to particulate matter pollution among children under 14 years old in China from 1990 to 2021

作　　者：刘梦妍 唐睿姝 曹晓霖 李婕 LIU Mengyan;TANG Ruishu;CAO Xiaolin;LI Jie(School of Public Health,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100069,China;Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100069,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学公共卫生学院,北京100069 [2]首都医科大学环境毒理学北京市重点实验室,北京100069

出　　处：《中国慢性病预防与控制》2025年第2期93-97,103,共6页Chinese Journal of Prevention and Control of Chronic Diseases

摘　　要：目的了解1990—2021年中国0~14岁儿童归因于颗粒物污染的疾病负担及长期变化趋势,为预防空气污染所致儿童疾病负担提供理论依据。方法基于2021年全球疾病负担研究数据库,采用死亡人数、死亡率、伤残调整寿命年(DALY)、DALY率分析1990年与2021年中国归因于颗粒物污染的0~14岁儿童疾病负担,采用Joinpoint Regression Program 5.0计算年度变化百分比(APC)和平均年度变化百分比(AAPC),分析归因于颗粒物污染的儿童疾病负担的变化趋势。结果2021年中国0~14岁儿童归因于颗粒物污染的死亡人数为0.80万人,归因于大气颗粒物、室内空气颗粒物污染的死亡人数分别为0.60万人、0.20万人;2021年0~14岁儿童归因于颗粒物污染的DALY为71.58万人年,归因于大气颗粒物、室内空气颗粒物污染的DALY分别为53.62万人年、17.92万人年。其中男童、女童归因于颗粒物污染的死亡人数分别为0.48万人、0.32万人;男女童归因于颗粒物污染的死亡率分别为3.48/10万、2.61/10万。从年龄分组来看,颗粒物污染引起的儿童疾病负担在0~4岁组最高。主要的疾病类型为孕产妇和新生儿疾病、呼吸道感染及肺结核。1990—2021年归因于颗粒物污染的儿童疾病负担呈下降趋势(AAPC=-9.7%,P<0.01),其中肠道感染性疾病死亡率下降幅度最大。结论与1990年相比,2021年中国0~14岁儿童由颗粒物污染所导致的疾病负担大幅下降,0~4岁年龄组的儿童和男童的疾病负担较重,孕产妇和新生儿疾病、呼吸道感染和肺结核疾病负担需要重点关注。Objective To analyze the disease burden attributable to particulate matter(PM)among children under 14 years old,and its long-term trend from 1990 to 2021 to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention of the disease burden of children caused by PM in China.Methods Based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021,the number of deaths,mortality,disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)and DALY rate were used to analyze the burden of diseases attributed to PM in children in China.The Joinpoint Regression Program 5.0 calculated annual percent change(APC)and average annual percentage change(AAPC)to analyze time trends.Results In 2021,the deaths attributable to PM among children aged 0 to 14 years old in China was 8.0 thousand,and deaths attributable to atmospheric PM and indoor PM pollution were 6.0 thousand and 2.0 thousand,respectively.In 2021,the total DALYs attributed to PM for children aged 0-14 years old was 0.7158 million person-years,and the DALYs attributed to ambient PM and household PM from solid fuels were 0.5362 million and 0.1792 million person-years,respectively.As to different sexes,the deaths and the mortality were 4.8 thousand and 3.48 per 100000 for boys,and the 3.2 thousand and 2.61 per 100000 for girls,respectively.In terms of age groups,the 0-4 years old group had the highest burden of disease caused by PM.The main diseases caused by PM were maternal and neonatal disorders,respiratory infections and tuberculosis.The disease burden of children attributable to PM showed a decreasing trend from 1990 to 2021(AAPC=-9.7%,P<0.01).Among them,the mortality of intestinal infectious diseases fell sharply from 1990 to 2021.Conclusion Compared with 1990,the burden of diseases by PM in Chinese children aged 0 to 14 years old showed a substantial decrease in 2021,however,the burden among children aged 0-4 years old group and boys was greater.The focused diseases of concern are neonatal diseases,respiratory infections and tuberculosis.

关 键 词：儿童 疾病负担 颗粒物污染 呼吸道感染 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]