扎哈淖尔露天煤矿植被修复及降本增效潜力研究  

Study on vegetation restoration and potential of cost reduction and efficiency improvement in Zhahanaoer open-pit coal mine

作　　者：冯金超 杨侨 马琳娜 杨俊杰 张建军[4] 曹安[4] 王志超 刘旭亮 鞠正山 FENG Jinchao;YANG Qiao;MA Linna;YANG Junjie;ZHANG Jianjun;CAO An;WANG Zhichao;LIU Xuliang;JU Zhengshan(Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Center,Ministry of Natural Resources(Land Science and Technology Innovation Center,Ministry of Natural Resources),Beijing 100035,China;Technology Innovation Center for Land Engineering,Ministry of Natural Resources,Beijing 100035,China;Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,China;China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;Jarud Banner Zhahanaoer Coal Industry Co.,LTD,Tongliao,Inner Mongolia 029123,China)

机构地区：[1]自然资源部国土整治中心(自然资源部土地科技创新中心),北京100035 [2]自然资源部土地工程技术创新中心,北京1100035 [3]中国科学院植物研究所,北京100093 [4]中国地质大学(北京),北京100083 [5]扎鲁特旗扎哈淖尔煤业有限公司,内蒙古通辽029123

出　　处：《测绘科学》2025年第1期64-73,共10页Science of Surveying and Mapping

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(42077207);国家重点研发项目子课题(2022YFF1302805-2);扎哈淖尔煤业公司土壤重构技术研发及植被快速构建技术研究项目(360010FW0420240045)。

摘　　要：针对矿区生态修复中植被快速建植技术效率低与成本高的问题,评估了扎哈淖尔露天煤矿2019—2023年的植被修复成效与成本效益,提出了改进策略。研究结合植被调查与遥感技术,分析不同修复年限植被覆盖度和植物多样性的变化。研究表明,采用多物种混合撒播修复后,紫花苜蓿和沙打旺为优势物种。初期修复阶段,植物多样性高,但随修复年限增加,多样性呈下降趋势,群落结构趋向单一。植被覆盖度随时间递增,5 a后实现全覆盖。然而,修复技术存在播种量过高导致的资源浪费,建议应合理调整播种量,优化物种组合,以提升修复效率并降低成本。综上所述,多物种混合撒播修复技术有效推动了矿区生态恢复过程,但仍需在降低成本的同时继续优化修复策略。Addressing the issues of low efficiency and high cost in rapid vegetation establishment technology for mine reclamation, this study evaluates the vegetation restoration outcomes and cost-effectiveness in Zhahanaoer open-pit coal mine from 2019 to 2023,proposing improved strategies. The research combines vegetation surveys with remote sensing techniques to analyze changes in vegetation coverage and plant diversity across different restoration periods. It is found that after using a multi-species mixed sowing approach, Medicago sativa and Astragalus elatior become dominant species. Initially, high plant diversity is observed, but as the restoration period increases, diversity decreases, leading to a more homogenous community structure. Vegetation coverage increases over time, achieving full coverage after five years. However, the restoration process highlights the issue of excessive seedling planting resulting in resource waste. Recommendations include adjusting the planting quantity, optimizing species combinations, to enhance restoration efficiency while reducing costs. In summary, the multi-species mixed sowing restoration technique effectively accelerates the ecological recovery process in mining areas, yet there remains a need for further optimization of restoration strategies while continuing to reduce costs.

关 键 词：矿山生态修复 植被快速建植 降本增效 生态恢复 

分 类 号：P95[天文地球—自然地理学]