重庆市汽车制造业职业健康素养与焦虑现状及其影响因素研究  

Survey of occupational health literacy and anxiety status among workers in the Chongqing automobile manufacturing industry and their influencing factors

作　　者：张秋豪 魏金玉 刘洋 程淑群[1] ZHANG Qiuhao;WEI Jinyu;LIU Yang;CHENG Shuqun(School of Public Health,Chongqing Medical University,Chongqing 401331,China;Department of Occupational Health,Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Jiangbei District,Chongqing 400020,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆医科大学公共卫生学院,重庆401331 [2]重庆市江北区疾病预防控制中心职业卫生科,重庆400020

出　　处：《现代医药卫生》2025年第4期962-966,974,共6页Journal of Modern Medicine & Health

摘　　要：目的了解重庆市汽车制造业从业人群职业健康素养(OHL)水平与焦虑现状及其影响因素,为制定相关管理措施提供参考。方法2023年9—11月采用整群抽样法抽取重庆市5家汽车制造业企业在岗人员3455名,发放《全国重点人群职业健康素养监测调查个人问卷》与广泛性焦虑症状筛查表(GAD-7),收集相关信息,了解OHL与焦虑的具体状况及其影响因素。结果重庆市汽车制造业从业人群总体OHL具备率为47.64%(1646/3455),二元logistic回归结果显示,25~<35岁群体[比值比(OR)=1.514,95%可信区间(95%CI)1.242~1.845,P<0.001],工龄2~<10年群体(OR=1.256,95%CI 1.063~1.484,P=0.007),文化程度本科及以上群体(OR=4.780,95%CI 1.604~14.250,P=0.005),月收入>7000~<9000元群体(OR=2.287,95%CI 1.349~3.876,P=0.002)OHL水平高于其他群体;农业户口群体(OR=0.796,95%CI 0.681~0.932,P=0.005)OHL水平低于非农业户口群体。重庆市汽车制造业从业人群焦虑检出率为34.88%(1205/3455),二元logistic回归结果显示,工龄>20年群体(OR=1.873,95%CI 1.324~2.648,P<0.001)焦虑检出率高于其他群体,月收入>5000~7000元群体(OR=0.358,95%CI 0.263~0.488,P<0.001)焦虑检出率低于其他群体。具备OHL人群的焦虑检出率[31.83%(524/1646)]低于不具备人群[37.64(681/1809)],差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=12.810,P<0.001)。结论重庆市汽车制造业从业人群OHL水平仍有提升空间,年龄、工龄、文化程度、月收入、户籍性质为其影响因素;该人群焦虑水平较高,工龄与月收入为其影响因素;不具备OHL人群焦虑检出率更高。建议企业与相关部门采取开展健康教育、健康促进等干预措施。Objective To understand the occupational health literacy(OHL)and anxiety status among workers in the Chongqing automobile manufacturing industry and their influencing factors,and to provide a reference for the development of related management measures.Methods From September to November 2023,using the whole cluster sampling method,a total of 3455 on-the-job personnel from five automobile manufacturing industry in Chongqing were selected.The Personal Questionnaire of National Key Population Occupational Health Literacy Monitoring Survey and Generalized Anxiety Symptom Screening Form(GAD-7)were distributed to collect relevant information about the specific status of OHL and anxiety and their influencing factor.Results The overall OHL level of the Chongqing automobile manufacturing industry population was 47.64%(1646/3455).Binary logistic regression results showed that the 25—<35 age group[odds ratio(OR)=1.514,95%confidence interval(95%CI)1.242-1.845,P<0.001],the 2—<10 years of the service group(OR=1.256,95%CI 1.063-1.484,P=0.007),the bachelor′s degree and above group(OR=4.780,95%CI 1.604—14.250,P=0.005),and the>7000—<9000 yuan monthly income group(OR=2.287,95%CI 1.349—3.876,P=0.002)had higher OHL levels than other groups;the agricultural household registration group(OR=0.796,95%CI 0.681—0.932,P=0.005)had a lower OHL level than the non-agricultural household registration group.The anxiety detection rate among the workers in the automobile manufacturing industry in Chongqing city was 34.88%(1205/3455).Binary logistic regression results showed that the group with over 20 years of service(OR=1.873,95%CI 1.324—2.648,P<0.001)had a higher anxiety detection rate than other groups,and the group with a monthly income of>5000—7000 yuan(OR=0.358,95%CI 0.263—0.488,P<0.001)had a lower anxiety detection rate than other groups.The detection rate of anxiety among the population with OHL[31.83%(524/1646)]was lower than that among the population without OHL[37.64%(681/1809)],and the difference was statistically si

关 键 词：汽车制造业 职业健康素养 焦虑 影响因素 相关性研究 

分 类 号：R13[医药卫生—劳动卫生]