琼州海峡浮游动物群落结构特征及其环境影响因素  

Characteristics of Zooplankton Community Structure in Qiongzhou Strait,China and Its Influencing Environmental Factors

作　　者：蒋文贤 陈晓梅 刘威[1,2,3] 刘晓收 Jiang Wenxian;Chen Xiaomei;Liu Wei;Liu Xiaoshou(College of Marine Life Sciences,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266003,China;Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity,Ministry of Education,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266003,China;Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Nanjing 210042,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学海洋生命学院,山东青岛266003 [2]中国海洋大学海洋生物多样性与进化教育部重点实验室,山东青岛266003 [3]生态环境部南京环境科学研究所,江苏南京210042

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第5期38-48,共11页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41976131)资助。

摘　　要：为探究琼州海峡浮游动物群落结构特征及其环境影响因素,于2022年6月(雨季)和11月(干季)在琼州海峡进行了垂直拖网采样,分析了其种类组成、丰度、生物量、群落结构及其与环境因子的关系。两个航次共鉴定出浮游动物62种,其中节肢动物门34种,刺胞动物门14种,浮游幼虫9种,毛颚动物门3种,脊索动物门和软体动物门各1种。其中,雨季优势种为亚强次真哲水蚤(Subeucalanus subcrassus)、平滑真刺水蚤(Euchaeta plana)和微刺哲水蚤(Canthocalanus pauper),干季优势种为亚强次真哲水蚤(Subeucalanus subcrassus)、肥胖软箭虫(Flaccisagitta enflata)和微刺哲水蚤(Canthocalanus pauper)。雨季浮游动物平均丰度和生物量分别为66.3 ind./m^(3)和359.9 mg/m^(3),干季平均丰度与生物量分别为93.0 ind./m^(3)和163.4 mg/m^(3)。雨季浮游动物的多样性指数平均为2.20,均匀度指数平均为0.79,丰富度指数平均为5.41;干季的多样性指数平均为2.33,均匀度指数平均为0.81,丰富度指数平均为6.75。在雨季,浮游动物群落主要与总氮、透明度的关系较大,在干季,主要与总磷、水深、温度、盐度的关系较大。综合分析,琼州海峡浮游动物群落受水温、水流流速和河流陆源输入的影响较大。In order to characterize the species composition,abundance,biomass and community structure of zooplankton in Qiongzhou Strait and their influencing environmental factors,field samplings were conducted with vertical net in June(rainy season)and November(dry season),2022.A total of 62 species of zooplankton were identified,including 34 species of arthropods,14 species of Cnidaria,9 species of larvae,3 species of Chaetognatha,1 species of Chordata and 1 species of Mollusca.The dominant species in rainy season were Subeucalanus subcrassus,Euchaeta plana and Canthocalanus pauper.The dominant species in dry season were Subeucalanus subcrassus,Flaccisagitta enflata and Canthocalanus pauper.The average values of abundance and biomass of zooplankton in the rainy season were 66.32 ind./m^(3) and 359.9 mg/m^(3),and those in the dry season were 93.0 ind./m^(3) and 163.4 mg/m^(3),respectively.The average diversity index(H′)was 2.20,the average evenness index(J′)was 0.79,and the average richness index(d)was 5.41.The average diversity index(H′),evenness index(J′)and richness index(d)of the dry season were 2.33,0.81 and 6.75,respectively.The community structure of zooplankton was mainly correlated with nutrients,suspended solids and water temperature.Overall,the zooplankton community structure in Qiongzhou Strait was greatly influenced by water temperature,water flow velocity and terrestrial inputs from rivers.

关 键 词：浮游动物 群落结构 多样性 环境因素 琼州海峡 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]