青岛近岸海域大型底栖动物群落特征与底栖生态质量评价  

Characteristics of Macrofaunal Communities and Benthic Ecological Quality Assessment in the Coastal Waters of Qingdao

作　　者：雷志远 张明伟 石鹏 徐昊 刘晓收[1,2] Lei Zhiyuan;Zhang Mingwei;Shi Peng;Xu Hao;Liu Xiaoshou(College of Marine Life Sciences,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266003,China;Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266003,China;Qingdao Marine Geological Engineering Survey Institute Limited Company,Qingdao 266073,China;Qingdao Sea Inspection Group Limited Company,Qingdao 266237,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学海洋生命学院,山东青岛266003 [2]中国海洋大学海洋生物多样性与进化研究所,山东青岛266003 [3]青岛海洋地质工程勘察院有限公司,山东青岛266073 [4]青岛海检集团有限公司,山东青岛266237

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第5期87-99,共13页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41976131)资助。

摘　　要：为探究青岛近岸海域大型底栖动物群落特征和底栖生态质量现状,本研究于2021年夏(6月)和秋(10月)两个航次,在该海域设置了12个调查站位并在这两个航次中均对这12个站位进行大型底栖动物定量研究。研究结果显示:共获得大型底栖动物110种,主要包括环节动物多毛类50种、节肢动物甲壳类40种、软体动物13种、棘皮动物4种,以及纽形动物、半索动物和脊索动物各1种。其中多毛类、甲壳类和软体动物为该海域的三大主要类群。昆士兰稚齿虫(Prionospio queenslandica)在2个航次中均为第一优势种。大型底栖动物丰度和生物量均呈现从西北近岸区域向东南外海区域降低的趋势。2个航次的物种多样性指数间无显著性差异。聚类分析表明,研究海域夏、秋两个航次的大型底栖动物均可分为2个群组和1个独立站点。群落结构和环境因子的相关性(BioEnv)分析表明,盐度和沉积物含水量组合、底层水溶解氧浓度和沉积物中值粒径组合是分别影响夏季和秋季大型底栖动物群落结构的最优环境变量组合。综合香农-威纳多样性指数和丰度生物量比较曲线可知,青岛近岸海域底栖生态环境受到较大扰动,底栖生态环境质量状况较差,且秋季的生态环境质量相较于夏季更为恶劣。In order to reveal the characteristics of macrofaunal communities and evaluate the benthic ecological quality in the coastal waters of Qingdao,macrofaunal samples were collected at 12 sampling sites in this area in June and October,2021.A total of 110 macrofaunal species were found,including 50 species of polychaetes,40 species of crustaceans,13 species of mollusks,4 species of echinoderms,1 species of nemerteans,1 species of hemichordates and 1 species of chordates.Polychaetes,crustaceans and mollusks were the three dominant groups.Prionospio queenslandica(polychaete)was the most dominant species in the 2 sampling seasons.Both abundance and biomass of macrofauna showed a decreasing trend from the northwest nearshore area to the southeast offshore area.CLUSTER analysis showed that the macrofaunal communities in summer and autumn in the study area could be divided into two groups and one independent site.BIOENV analysis showed that the combination of salinity and sediment water content,as well as the combination of bottom water dissolved oxygen and sediment median particle size,were the best combinations of environmental variables to explain the structure of macrofaunal communities in summer and autumn,respectively.Results of the Shannon-Wiener diversity index and abundance-biomass comparison curves showed that the benthic ecological environment in the coastal waters of Qingdao was greatly disturbed.The benthic ecological quality in the study area was poor,and it was worse in autumn than that in summer.

关 键 词：青岛近海 大型底栖动物 物种组成 群落结构 底栖生态质量 

分 类 号：Q958.8[生物学—动物学]