Cu(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)对厌氧氨氧化脱氮性能及微生物影响研究  

The Effects of Cu(Ⅱ)and Ni(Ⅱ)on Nitrogen Removal Performance and Microorganisms in ANAMMOX-UASB Reactor

作　　者：李登志 刘海涛 伍洋伯 崔锡钦 季军远[1,2] Li Dengzhi;Liu Haitao;Wu Yangbo;Cui Xiqin;Ji Junyuan(Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology,Ministry of Education,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China;Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering,Qingdao 266100,China;Qingdao Surveying&Mapping Institute,Qingdao 266033,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学海洋环境与生态教育部重点实验室,山东青岛266100 [2]山东省海洋环境地质工程重点实验室,山东青岛266100 [3]青岛市勘察测绘研究院,山东青岛266033

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第5期138-148,共11页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51978636)资助。

摘　　要：Cu(Ⅱ)和Ni(Ⅱ)广泛存在于各类工业废水中。为促进厌氧氨氧化(anaerobic ammonium oxidation,anammox)在高氨氮工业废水处理领域的应用,本文考察了Cu(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)对厌氧氨氧化-升流式厌氧污泥床(ANAMMOX-UASB)反应器脱氮性能及微生物的影响,分析了anammox反应中硝酸盐还原酶(NR)、亚硝酸盐还原酶(NiR)、肼合成酶(HZS)和肼氧化酶(HZO)的活性变化,揭示了Cu(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)对anammox的抑制机理。结果表明,在氮容积负荷(NLR)为1.50 kg·m^(-3)·d^(-1)条件下,Cu(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)对anammox的抑制阈值分别为2.0和1.0 mg·L^(-1),此浓度下anammox污泥的比厌氧氨氧化活性(SAA)分别下降56.21%和58.71%,但厌氧氨氧化-上流式厌氧污泥床生物反应器(ANAMMOX-UASB)仍具有稳定脱氮性能,氮去除效率(NRE)分别为81.65%和83.24%。4.0 mg·L^(-1) Cu(Ⅱ)和2.0 mg·L^(-1) Ni(Ⅱ)分别导致ANAMMOX-UASB的NRE下降至17.09%和22.07%。解除Cu(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)胁迫后,ANAMMOX-UASB脱氮性能均成功恢复,恢复期分别为20和54 d,但SAA仅恢复至5.62和4.90 mg·g^(-1)·h^(-1),为初始状态的42.29%、37.81%。Ni(Ⅱ)对anammox的抑制主要归因于对功能酶NiR活性的负面作用,2.0 mg·L^(-1) Ni(Ⅱ)使NiR活性降低40.00%;Cu(Ⅱ)对4种功能酶未产生明显抑制,4.0 mg·L^(-1) Cu(Ⅱ)仅使HZS活性降低10.00%。厌氧氨氧化菌(AnAOBs)通过分泌大量胞外聚合物(EPS)可有效抵抗Cu(Ⅱ)胁迫,但无法有效应对Ni(Ⅱ)胁迫。Cu(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)的添加引起Candidatus Brocadia和Candidatus Jettenia之间生态位变化,Candidatus Jettenia对Cu(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)具有更强的耐受性。Cu(Ⅱ)and Ni(Ⅱ)are widely distributed in various industrial wastewater.To promote the application of the anaerobic ammonium oxidation(anammox)process for treating ammonium-rich industrial wastewater,the effects of Cu(Ⅱ)and Ni(Ⅱ)on nitrogen removal performance and microorganisms in ANAMMOX-UASB reactors were investigated.The enzyme activities of nitrate reductase(NR),nitrite reductase(NiR),hydrazine synthase(HZS)and hydrazine oxidase(HZO)were analyzed,and the inhibition mechanisms of Cu(Ⅱ)and Ni(Ⅱ)on anammox were revealed.The results showed that the inhibition thresholds of Cu(Ⅱ)and Ni(Ⅱ)on anammox were 2.0 and 1.0 mg·L^(-1),respectively,with the nitrogen loading rate(NLR)of 1.50 kg·m^(-3)·d^(-1).2.0 mg·L^(-1) Cu(Ⅱ)and 1.0 mg·L^(-1) Ni(Ⅱ)decreased the specific anammox activity(SAA)by 56.21%and 58.71%,respectively,while the ANAMMOX-UASB reactors maintained stable performances with nitrogen removal efficiencies(NRE)of 81.65%and 83.24%.However,4.0 mg·L^(-1) Cu(Ⅱ)and 2.0 mg·L^(-1) Ni(Ⅱ)decreased sharply the NRE of ANAMMOX-UASB reactors to 17.09%and 22.07%,respectively.Without adding Cu(Ⅱ)and Ni(Ⅱ),the nitrogen removal performances of ANAMMOX-UASB reactors recovered within 20 and 54 days,respectively,but SAA was only recovered to 5.62 and 4.90 mg·g^(-1)·h^(-1),42.29%and 37.81%of the initial values.The inhibition of Ni(Ⅱ)on the anammox was mainly attributed to the adverse effect on NiR enzyme activity,and 2.0 mg·L^(-1) Ni(Ⅱ)reduced NiR activity by 40.00%.In contrast,Cu(Ⅱ)did not substantially inhibit the four anammox functional enzymes,with 4.0 mg·L^(-1) Cu(Ⅱ)only reducing HZS activity by 10.00%.Secreting a substantial amount of extracellular polymeric substance(EPS)for Anaerobic ammounium oxidizing bacteria(AnAOBs)was the effective method of alleviating Cu(Ⅱ)stress,yet it was not resistant to Ni(Ⅱ)stress.Additionally,the niche between Candidatus Brocadia and Candidatus Jettenia in ANAMMOX-UASB reactors shifted under the Cu(Ⅱ)and Ni(Ⅱ)stress,and Candidatus Jettenia d

关 键 词：厌氧氨氧化 Cu(Ⅱ) Ni(Ⅱ) 酶活性 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]