地下采煤引发黄土坡体裂隙化差异的影响因素对比分析  

Comparative Analysis of Factors Influencing the Differentiation of Fissuring in Loess Slope Bodies Caused by Underground Coal Mining

作　　者：何创[1] 成玉祥[1,2] 陈毛宁 史春梅 HE Chuang;CHENG Yuxiang;CHEN Maoning;SHI Chunmei(Chang’an University,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710064;Key Laboratory of Western Mineral Resources and Geological Engineering,Ministry of Education,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710064;Chongqing Nanjiang Survey and Design Co.,Ltd.,Chongqing 401147;Shandong Construction Investment Engineering Testing and Appraisal Co.,Ltd.,Qingdao,Shandong 266112)

机构地区：[1]长安大学,陕西西安710064 [2]西部矿产资源与地质工程教育部重点实验室,陕西西安710064 [3]重庆市南江勘测设计有限公司,重庆401147 [4]山东建投工程检测鉴定有限公司,山东青岛266112

出　　处：《中国煤炭地质》2025年第3期29-34,共6页Coal Geology of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42377158,41672255)。

摘　　要：为了查明地下采煤引发黄土坡体裂隙化差异的主控因素,并为准确开展矿区黄土灾害治理提供理论支撑,本文通过物理模型试验,开展地下采煤条件下不同采深采厚比及不同斜坡形态下黄土坡体破裂效应试验,对裂隙密度、扩展规律、产状和坡体变化进行对比分析。结果表明:采深采厚比为19时的黄土坡体裂隙密度明显大于采深采厚比为40时黄土坡体裂隙密度,采深采厚比是黄土地下采煤引发黄土坡体裂隙发育的主控因素,采深采厚比小,黄土坡体越破碎;裂隙产状以与坡面近垂直裂隙为主,与坡面近平形裂隙在采深采厚比大时较发育,且受斜坡形态影响;采深采厚比为19时坡度变化大于采深采厚比为40时,且凸形坡坡度增加程度大于直线形坡;直线形坡最大位移随坡度增大由坡面转向坡肩,凸形坡最大位移集中在坡面凸起部位;地下采煤作用造成黄土坡体位移和坡度变化受采深采厚和斜坡形态共同控制,但采深采厚比为主控因素。To investigate the primary controlling factor influencing the variations in loess slope fracturing induced by underground coal mining,and to provide a theoretical basis for accurately conducting loess disaster management in mining areas,this paper employs physical model tests.These tests explore the rupture effects on loess slopes under different mining depth-to-thickness ratios and various slope morphologies.A comparative analysis is performed on fracture density,expansion patterns,orientations,and slope deformations.The results indicate:The loess slope fracture density at a mining depth-to-thickness ratio of 19 is significantly greater than that at a ratio of 40.The mining depth-to-thickness ratio is the dominant factor governing the development of fractures in loess slopes resulting from underground coal mining,and a smaller ratio leads to a more fractured loess slope.Fracture orientations are predominantly characterized by fractures nearly perpendicular to the slope face.Fractures nearly parallel to the slope face are more developed at larger mining depth-to-thickness ratios and are also influenced by slope morphology.The slope deformation is greater at a mining depth-to-thickness ratio of 19 than at 40,and the degree of slope angle increase is greater in convex slopes than in linear slopes.The maximum displacement of linear slopes shifts from the slope face to the slope shoulder with increasing slope angle,while the maximum displacement of convex slopes is concentrated at the convex portion of the slope face.Finally,underground coal mining causes loess slope displacement and slope angle changes,controlled by both the mining depth-to-thickness ratio and slope morphology,with the mining depth-to-thickness ratio being the dominant factor.

关 键 词：地下采煤 物理模型试验 黄土斜坡 黄土裂隙化 采深采厚比 

分 类 号：TD163[矿业工程—矿山地质测量]