公平与效率何以兼得:破解农地产权改革困境的“两田分置”案例分析  

How to Balance Equality and Efficiency:A Case Study on“Two-field Separation”to Solve the Dilemma of Farmland Property Rights Reform

作　　者：马静 段雪颖 蒋非非 郭维红 朱新华[1] 陈浮 MA Jing;DUAN Xueying;JIANG Feifei;GUO Weihong;ZHU Xinhua;CHEN Fu(School of Public Administration,Hohai University,Nanjing 211100,China;Observation Research Station of Land Ecology and Land Use in the Yangtze River Delta,MNR,Changzhou 213200,China;School of Public Policy and Management,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学公共管理学院,江苏南京211100 [2]自然资源部长三角国土生态与土地利用野外科学观测研究站,江苏常州213200 [3]中国矿业大学公共管理学院,江苏徐州221116

出　　处：《中国土地科学》2025年第2期96-105,共10页China Land Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(23&ZD141)。

摘　　要：研究目的:探究自种与对外发包、种粮与多元经营的“两田分置”地方经验,为破解长期困扰我国农地产权改革中“公平与效率”问题提供自下而上的典型案例。研究方法:归纳演绎法与案例分析法。研究结果:(1)经过40余年超常规发展,中国农地产权制度已难以适应当前农村经济社会发展的需求,破解农村人地不匹配、“约束—发展”失衡、集体经济难壮大等现实困境势在必行;(2)研究案例以全域土地综合整治为契机,推行“自种与对外发包”分置和“种粮与多元经营”分置,既回应不同农户的权益诉求,又实现农地资源配置优化,为破解长期困扰农村发展的农地产权问题提供解决方案;(3)“两田分置”改革离不开一揽子政策支持,未来可依托“一个平台”“两大工程” “三化模式”进行逐步完善,进一步释放农地产权改革红利。研究结论:“两田分置”改革应综合考虑区域经济社会结构和实际需求,整合地方政府调控与农村集体治理能力,稳妥扎实推进农村土地要素市场改革、耕地保护转型和乡村振兴等重大战略。The purpose of this study is to provide a typical bottom-up case for solving the long-standing problem of"equality and efficiency"in farmland property rights reform in China by exploring the local experience of"two-field separation"between"self-planting and external contracting"and"grain planting and diversified management".The research methods include induction and deduction and case analysis.The results are as follows:1)after more than 40 years of extraordinary development,the farmland property rights system is no longer able to meet the current needs of socioeconomic development in rural China.It is imperative to solve the practical difficulties,such as population-land mismatch,"constraint development"imbalance,and the difficulty in strengthening collective economy.2)The typical case takes the comprehensive land consolidation of the entire area as an opportunity to implement the separation of"self-planting and external contracting"and"grain planting and diversified management",which not only responds to the rights and interests of different farmers,but also optimizes the allocation of farmland resources,providing solutions to the problems of farmland property rights that have long-term plagued rural development.3)The reform of"twofield separation"cannot be separated from a package of policy support.In the future,it can be gradually improved through"one platform","two major projects",and"three modernizations"models,further releasing the dividends of farmland property rights reform.In conclusion,the reform of"two-field separation"should comprehensively consider the regional socioeconomic structure and actual needs,integrate local government regulation and rural collective governance capabilities,steadily and solidly promote major strategies,such as rural land factor market reform,farmland protection and transformation and rural revitalization.

关 键 词：农地产权改革 公平与效率 “两田分置” 案例分析 

分 类 号：F321.1[经济管理—产业经济]