农村闲置宅基地分类诊断及其治理路径——基于安徽省试点地区两个村的考察  

Classification Diagnosis and Governance Path of Idle Rural Residential Land:Based on an Examination of Two Villages in the Pilot Area,Anhui Province

作　　者：张勇 高羽洁 ZHANG Yong;GAO Yujie(School of Finance and Public Management,Anhui University of Finance and Economics,Bengbu 233030,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽财经大学财政与公共管理学院,安徽蚌埠233030

出　　处：《中国土地科学》2025年第2期106-116,共11页China Land Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“新型城镇化与城市产业结构优化:耦合机制、空间匹配效应与政策设计”(71974002);安徽省哲学社会科学规划一般项目“安徽省村庄闲置宅基地分类诊断及其治理策略研究”(AHSKY2023D066);安徽省自然科学基金面上项目“安徽省试点地区闲置宅基地诊断识别与协同治理研究”(2208085MD85)。

摘　　要：研究目的:科学识别村庄宅基地闲置类型,探索各类闲置宅基地治理路径,为村庄有效精准治理本村闲置宅基地提供理论参考。研究方法:理论分析和案例研究相结合。研究结果:闲置宅基地基于时空特征、功能属性和闲置程度差异呈现出“显性”与“隐性”两种闲置类型。村庄区位特征在一定程度上影响并决定闲置宅基地的主要类型,如城市近郊村庄因村民进城定居,闲置宅基地多为“显性”闲置,农村腹地村庄因户均宅基地面积过大,闲置宅基地多为“隐性”闲置。“显性”闲置和“隐性”闲置宅基地均有一定治理潜力,但二者治理主体和治理路径不同,前者治理应以村集体为主体,通过放活宅基地使用权,实现宅基地由无功能、福利保障功能向经营功能的转型,后者治理应以农户为主体,通过发展庭院“微经济”,实现宅基地由居住功能向居住、生产功能的转型。研究结论:不同村庄应结合资源禀赋和经济基础,精准把握宅基地闲置类型,因地制宜、因村施策,精准化治理闲置宅基地,有效激活农村土地资源资产并为乡村振兴提供土地要素保障。The purposes of this study are to scientifically identify the types of idle rural residential land,to explore the governance paths of various types of idle rural residential land,and to provide theoretical reference for the effective management.The research methods include theoretical analysis and case study.The results show that there are two types of idle rural residential land,i.e.,dominant and recessive types,based on the difference of spatial and temporal characteristics,functional attributes and idle degree.The location characteristics of villages affect and determine the main types of rural idle residential land to a certain extent.For example,the type in suburban villages is mostly dominant because the villagers settle in the city,and the type in the hinterland villages is mostly recessive because the average area of rural residential land is large.Although both types have certain governance potential,their governance subjects and governance paths are different.The former governance should exploit the important role of village collective,and realize the transformation of rural residential land from non-function and welfare security function to management function by activating the right to use;the latter governance should exploit the important role of farmers,and develop the courtyard micro-economy to realize the transformation of rural residential land from living function to living and production functions.In conclusion,different villages should combine the resource endowment and economic foundation,accurately grasp the types of idle rural residential land,apply policies according to local conditions and village,accurately manage idle rural residential land,effectively activate rural land resource assets and provide land factor guarantee for rural revitalization.

关 键 词：闲置宅基地 分类诊断 治理路径 试点地区 

分 类 号：F323[经济管理—产业经济]