不同酶策略对餐厨垃圾脱水性能和降解效果的影响  

Influence on dehydration and degradation performance of kitchen waste by using various enzyme strategies

作　　者：冯放晴 冯幼平 张香玲 FENG Fangqing;FENG Youping;ZHANG Xiangling(Beijing Wuhe Environmental Engineering Design Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京舞鹤环境工程设计有限公司,北京100083

出　　处：《生物加工过程》2025年第2期153-159,共7页Chinese Journal of Bioprocess Engineering

摘　　要：为了评估不同酶策略对餐厨垃圾处理过程中产物脱水性能和降解效果的影响,选用淀粉酶、果胶酶、组合纤维素酶、酸性蛋白酶和脂肪酶来构建不同的酶策略。首先以化学需氧量(COD)为指标考察单一酶对物料水解的效果,确定酶的添加比例和反应时间;然后以单因素实验观察酶对物料脱水性能和降解效果的影响;最后以全因素实验构建不同酶的组合,确定具有显著性影响的酶并观察酶组合的相互作用。结果表明:在50℃、pH为5±0.5时进行酶解反应,果胶酶和淀粉酶可以显著改善物料的脱水性能,降低物料的黏度,脱水率分别提升207%和84%。所有酶对物料降解都有促进作用,单独使用淀粉酶和果胶酶时,固体物料降解率分别提升202%和163%;酶组合析因分析结果表明,淀粉酶和果胶酶的组合使用对物料降解和脱水性能改善产生明显拮抗作用,揭示了酶之间复杂的相互作用。This study aims to evaluate different enzyme strategies with regards to their dehydration performance and degradation effect during the process of kitchen waste treatment.Several enzymes,including amylase,pectinase,a combination of cellulases,acidic protease,and lipase,were used independently or jointly in our experiments.First,material hydrolysis from single enzyme was investigated,with chemical oxygen demand(COD)as an indicator,to determine the dosage of enzyme and reaction time.Then,the dehydration performance and degradation effect of materials were examined through single-factor experiments.Finally,various enzyme combinations were studied,through the full factorial analysis experiments,to figure out the enzymes with significant impact,as well as the interactions of enzyme combinations.As a result,the treatments with pectinase and amylase at 50℃with an initial pH of 5±0.5 could significantly improve the dehydration performance,which led to the decrease of material’s viscosity,with water release rates increasing by 207%and 84%,respectively.All enzymes could facilitate material degradation.Notably,solo use of amylase and pectinase could increase the solid material degradation rates by 202%and 163%,respectively.According to the factorial analysis of enzyme combinations,the combination of amylase and pectinase showed significant antagonistic effects on material degradation and dehydration performance,indicating the complex interactions between enzymes.

关 键 词：餐厨垃圾 酶 脱水性能 降解效果 析因分析 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程] Q93[生物学—微生物学] Q814