2021~2023年山西省河流水环境质量特征分析  

Analysis on Characteristics of River Water Environmental Quality in Shanxi Province from 2021 to 2023

作　　者：王爱花 史明 刘金涛[2] 惠晓梅 毋晓琴 李超[4] WANG Ai-hua;SHI Ming;LIU Jin-tao;HUI Xiao-mei;WU Xiao-qin;LI Chao(Shanxi Provincial Water Conservancy Development Center,Taiyuan 030002,China;The National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;Shanxi Jinhou Ecological Environment Co.,Ltd.,Taiyuan 030024,China;College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China)

机构地区：[1]山西省水利发展中心,山西太原030002 [2]河海大学水灾害防御全国重点实验室,江苏南京210098 [3]山西省晋后生态环境有限责任公司,山西太原030024 [4]太原理工大学环境科学与工程学院,山西太原030024

出　　处：《水电能源科学》2025年第4期89-93,共5页Water Resources and Power

基　　金：山西省水利厅水资源管理与保护专项项目(2140022016);中国环境科学研究院国家环境保护饮用水水源地保护重点实验室开发基金(2022YYSYKFYB06);山西省青年拔尖人才支持计划项目(DC2200001781)。

摘　　要：掌握近年山西省河流水环境质量变化规律,对后续更有针对性地开展河流污染治理与保护具有重要意义。基于2021~2023年山西省地表水国控、省控逐月水质数据,分析全省及主要流域不同水质类型比例和主要污染指标现状,采用Mann-Kendall(M-K)趋势检验和系统聚类法探究水质变化规律。结果表明,2021~2023年全省河流水环境呈改善趋势,优良水体(Ⅰ~Ⅲ类)断面比例显著上升,污染水体(Ⅳ~劣V类)断面比例显著下降;当前全省污染源以农业、生活污染为主,但依然存在工业污染风险,其中,化学需氧量、生化需氧量、高锰酸盐指数、总磷在4~10月易成为污染指标,而氨氮在每年的11月~次年3月易成为污染指标;六大流域河流水质均有不同程度地好转,但涑水河、汾河、桑干河、滹沱河污染水体断面比例依然较高;全省及主要流域3年逐月水质状况主要分为3类,水质较差的一类集中在2021年大部分月份及2022、2023年春夏季个别月份,水质好的一类主要包括2022、2023年大部分月份,春夏季为未来水环境治理需要重点关注的时期。It has important significance to master the variation of river environment quality in Shanxi Province in recent years,so as to carry out river pollution control and protection more pertinently.Based on the monthly water quality data of rivers controlled by the state and province in Shanxi in 2021-2023,the proportion of different water quality types and the main pollution indexes were analyzed,and Mann-Kendall(M-K)trend test and hierachical cluster method were used to explore the change rule of water quality.The results show that the river water environment in Shanxi Province show an improvement trend from 2021 to 2023,the proportion of excellent water body sections(classⅠtoⅢ)increases significantly,while the polluted water body(classⅣto inferior V)sections shows a significant decline trend.At present,the pollution sources are mainly agricultural and domestic pollution,but the risk of industrial pollution still exists.Chemical oxygen demand,biochemical oxygen demand,permanganate index and total phosphorus are easy to become pollution indicators from April to October,while ammonia nitrogen from November to March of the following year becomes a pollution indicator easily.The water quality of six major basins has been improved to varying degrees;However,Sushui River,Fenhe River,Sanggan River and Hutuo River tend to have a higher percentage of polluted water sections.The monthly water quality conditions of the whole province and six basins in past three years are mainly divided into three categories.The one with poor water quality mainly covers most months of 2021 and individual months in spring and summer of 2022 and 2023,and the one with the best water quality includes most months of 2022 and 2023,indicating that spring and summer are the key periods that need to be paid attention to water environment governance in future.

关 键 词：水质类型变化 污染指标 M-K趋势检验 系统聚类法 山西省 

分 类 号：X824[环境科学与工程—环境工程] TV213.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源]