新疆小海子水库水面蒸发估计与蒸发抑制关键影响因素分析  

Estimation of Water Surface Evaporation and Analysis of Key Influencing Factors of Evaporation Inhibition in Xiaohaizi Reservoir in Xinjiang

作　　者：虞志刚 陈远生[1] 罗文哲 刘华先 YU Zhi-gang;CHEN Yuan-sheng;LUO Wen-zhe;LIU Hua-xian(Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100101

出　　处：《水电能源科学》2025年第4期94-97,11,共5页Water Resources and Power

摘　　要：鉴于水面蒸发为新疆平原水库水量损失的主要原因,基于道尔顿体系下已有的蒸发模型,结合气象数据以及遥感技术方法,获取相应气象因子数据,在月尺度上对小海子水库进行水面蒸发估计,并利用模型进行参数变化模拟,分析蒸发抑制的关键因素。结果表明,小海子水库年平均水温为13.6℃,最高温度为29.3℃,水面面积为107 km^(2),最大面积为140 km^(2),最小面积为62 km^(2),全年平均蒸发率为3.61 mm/d,最高蒸发率为8.83 mm/d,年蒸发水量约为1.17×10^(8)m^(3);降低水面温度能较好地实现水面蒸发抑制,在高温情况下,水温变化对蒸发量的影响力很显著,在低温情况下影响力显著降低;相对湿度、风速变化对蒸发抑制影响较小,风速对蒸发效果的影响更取决于风速对相对湿度的影响;若要通过抑制蒸发实现节水目的,应首选在高温季节降低水面温度的措施。Water surface evaporation is the main cause of water loss in Xinjiang plain reservoirs.Based on the existing evaporation models under the Dalton system,combined with meteorological data and remote sensing technology,this article obtains the corresponding meteorological factor data,estimates water surface evaporation of Xiaohaizi Reservoir on a monthly scale,and uses the model to simulate parameter changes as well as analyze the key factors of evaporation inhibition.The results show that the annual average water temperature of Xiaohaizi Reservoir is 13.6℃,the highest temperature is 29.3℃,with a water surface area of 107 square kilometers,a maximum area of 140 square kilometers,and a minimum area of 62 square kilometers.The annual average evaporation rate is 3.61 mm/d,the highest evaporation rate is 8.83 mm/d,and the annual evaporation amount is about 117 million cubic meters;Lowering the water surface temperature can effectively suppress water surface evaporation.Under high temperatures,the influence of water temperature changes on evaporation is significant,while at low temperatures,the influence is significantly reduced.The impact of relative humidity and wind speed changes on evaporation inhibition is relatively small,and the impact of wind speed on evaporation effect is more dependent on the impact of wind speed on relative humidity;If water conservation is to be achieved by suppressing evaporation,the measures to reduce water surface temperature during high temperature seasons should be the first choice.

关 键 词：水面蒸发 平原水库 遥感反演 蒸发抑制 防蒸发工程 

分 类 号：P426.22[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]