石臼湖泥沙淤积时空变化特征与影响因素分析  

Spatial and Temporal Variation Characteristics of Shijiu Lake Sediment Deposition and Its Influencing Factor Analysis

作　　者：万思成 徐毅 陆晓平 王茂枚 石雯倩 朱昊 WAN Si-cheng;XU Yi;LU Xiao-ping;WANG Mao-mei;SHI Wen-qian;ZHU Hao(Jiangsu Hydraulic Research Institute,Nanjing 210017,China;Management Division of Qinhuai River Hydraulic Engineering of Jiangsu Province,Nanjing 210022,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省水利科学研究院,江苏南京210017 [2]江苏省秦淮河水利工程管理处,江苏南京210022

出　　处：《水电能源科学》2025年第4期102-105,共4页Water Resources and Power

基　　金：江苏省水利科技项目(2021019)。

摘　　要：泥沙淤积为湖泊自然演变的主要形式,它改变了湖泊功能,并对区域水利治理和生态环境保护造成重要影响。以石臼湖为例,基于Sentinel-2遥感影像提取湖泊水域边界,结合水位资料构建2023年湖区地形,与已有2005年湖区地形勘测资料对比分析了泥沙淤积空间分布规律,采集沉积物样品进行210Pb同位素分析获取沉积年龄,探讨了泥沙淤积时间变化特性。结果表明,近20年来,石臼湖湖区总体表现为微淤趋势,淤积速率总体小于1 mm/a,明显淤积区域主要分布在各入湖河道的口门处,以湖区西部的水阳江出入湖口表现格外显著;在时间变化上,2个典型区域采样点的210Pb同位素分析结果显示,其淤积速率在20世纪约为0.5~1.0 mm/a,到了2000年之后开始明显增加,达到2~3 mm/a。综合分析可知,水阳江为石臼湖泥沙的主要来源,而自从修建港口湾水库后,其对泥沙淤积的贡献有所减弱,然而淤积速率仍然增加,说明湖区人为活动在2000年后对石臼湖泥沙淤积贡献更多。研究结果可为石臼湖的治理和保护提供依据。Sediment deposition is the main form of lake natural evolution,which alters the lake function and have significant influence on regional water management and ecological environmental protection.Taking Shijiu Lake as an example,lake water boundary was extracted based on Sentinel-2 remote sensing image.The lake topography of 2023 was constructed by using measured water level data.Compared with the surveyed lake topography in 2005,the spatial distribution pattern of sediment deposition was investigated.The deposition age was obtained through 210Pb isotopic analysis of collected deposits samples.The temporal variation characteristics of sediment deposition was discussed.The results indicate that since the last 20 years,Shijiu Lake showed a tiny depositing trend with the overall magnitude less than 1 mm/a,the remarkable depositing areas were mainly distributed along the inlet of each rivers and channels that entering the lake,with the inlet and outlet of Shuiyang River in the western lake area displaying the most significant depositing rate.From the perspective of temporal variation,the sampling isotopic analysis of two typical regions revealed that the depositing rates were about 0.5-1.0 mm/a in the last century,then increased significantly since 2000,reaching the magnitude of 2-3 mm/a.From the analysis above and relevant data and documents,Shuiyang River was the major source of Shijiu Lake sediment,whereas its contribution to sediment deposition weakened after the construction of Gangkouwan reservoir,hence the continuous growing of depositing rates indicated the rising contribution of anthropogenic activities in the lake area after 2000.The study could provide references for the governance and protection of Shijiu Lake.

关 键 词：泥沙淤积 水域边界提取 同位素分析 石臼湖 

分 类 号：TV145.3[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学] TV213.3