简化加权类动态摩阻与有限体积法的水锤数值模拟  

Simplified Numerical Simulation of Water Hammer by Weighted Unsteady Friction and Finite Volume Method

作　　者：马新红[1] 齐慧卿[1] 张俸溢 冯瑞琳 胡垠盈 周领[3] MA Xin-hong;QI Hui-qing;ZHANG Feng-yi;FENG Rui-lin;HU Yin-ying;ZHOU Ling(Shandong Electric Power Engineering Consulting Institute Co.,Ltd.,Jinan 250013,China;College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China)

机构地区：[1]山东电力工程咨询院有限公司,山东济南250013 [2]河海大学水利水电学院,江苏南京210098 [3]河海大学长江保护与绿色发展研究院,江苏南京210098

出　　处：《水电能源科学》2025年第4期177-181,共5页Water Resources and Power

摘　　要：泵站、长距离供水等有压输水系统中,精准、高效的水力计算对于系统水力安全、智慧调控至关重要。然而,现有的水锤计算大多基于稳态摩阻假定,低估了水锤衰减;尤其是采用的特征线法因插值计算或调整波速,常会引起计算误差。为了精准、高效地模拟水锤问题,构建了Urbanowicz and Zarzycki简化加权类动态摩阻水锤模型,采用二阶Godunov格式进行模型求解,并设计搭建了水锤试验台,将所建模型计算结果与Zielke模型、Brunone模型、传统的特征线法结果、试验结果进行对比分析。结果表明,所建模型可以精准仿真水锤压力的波动峰值与周期,与试验结果基本吻合;Zielke模型与所建模型具有基本一致的计算精度,纳什效率系数可达0.94,但Zielke模型计算耗时量巨大;Brunone模型计算效率略优于所建模型,但计算精度较差,纳什效率系数为0.87;当库朗数小于1时,特征线法会出现严重的数值耗散,而本文模型仅有轻微的数值衰减。可见,所建模型提供了一种精准、高效、稳定的水锤模拟方法。In pressurized water conveyance systems such as pump stations and long-distance water supply,accurate and efficient hydraulic calculation is crucial for the hydraulic safety and intelligent regulation of the system.However,most of the existing water hammer calculations are based on the assumption of steady-state friction and underestimate the attenuation of water hammer.In particular,the method of characteristics used often causes calculation errors due to interpolation calculation or adjustment of wave speed.In order to simulate the water hammer problem accurately and efficiently,this paper constructs a simplified weighted unsteady friction water hammer model of Urbanowicz and Zarzycki,and uses the second-order Godunov scheme to solve the model.A water hammer test bench is designed and constructed,and the calculation results of the model are compared with the Zielke model,the Brunone model,the traditional method of characteristics and the experimental results.The results show that the proposed model can accurately simulate the fluctuation peak and period of water hammer pressure,which is basically consistent with the experimental results.The Zielke model has the same calculation accuracy as the proposed model,and the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient can reach 0.94,but the Zielke model is very time-consuming.The computational efficiency of the Brunone model is slightly better than that of the proposed model,but the computational accuracy is poor,and the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient is 0.87.When the Courant number is less than 1,the method of characteristics will have serious numerical dissipation,and the proposed model has only a slight numerical attenuation.Therefore,this paper provides an accurate,efficient and stable water hammer simulation method.

关 键 词：水锤 动态摩阻 Godunov格式 输水系统 瞬变流 

分 类 号：TV672.2[水利工程—水利水电工程] TV134.1