机车车轮同轴轮缘偏磨问题的运维策略研究  

Research on Maintenance Strategies for the Uneven Coaxial Wear of Locomotive Wheel Flanges

作　　者：焉颖 王均国 赵强 王子臣 王菲儿 YAN Ying;WANG Junguo;ZHAO Qiang;WANG Zichen;WANG Feier(Science and Technology Research Institute,China Railway Jinan Group Co.,Ltd.,Jinan Shandong 250000,China;Qingdao Locomotive Depot,China Railway Jinan Group Co.,Ltd.,Qingdao Shandong 266000,China;Metals and Chemistry Research Institute,China Academy of Railway Science Corporation Limited,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁路济南局集团有限公司科学技术研究所,济南250000 [2]中国铁路济南局集团有限公司青岛机务段,山东青岛266000 [3]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司金属及化学研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《高速铁路新材料》2025年第2期7-13,共7页Advanced Materials of High Speed Railway

基　　金：中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划(P2023J007);中国铁路济南局集团有限公司科技研究开发计划(2024J07)。

摘　　要：机车车轮同轴轮缘偏磨是一种常见的异常磨耗现象,不仅存在安全隐患,也缩短了车轮的正常使用寿命。围绕我国东部沿海地区A机务段配属HXD3系机车的同轴轮缘偏磨问题开展研究,首先分析该机务段车轮同轴轮缘偏磨的原因,总结出机车自身重心偏移或转向架构件服役性能不对称是导致单侧轮缘磨耗速率异常偏高的主因。基于此,提出3种可在机务段实施的车轮运维方案,并通过轮缘磨耗率及轮缘厚度差的变化,对运维方案的效果进行跟踪验证。结果表明:通过将偏磨轮对单侧垫高以调节机车重心,可有效改善A机务段HXD3系机车同轴轮缘偏磨问题。采用反向调整轮径差方案处理的6条轮对,轮缘磨耗率较处理前平均下降0.24 mm/万km,下降比例为70.41%。反向调整轮径差方案还具有调节自由度高、实施相对简单的优势,有望减少因恢复异常磨耗轮缘而导致的轮径旋修损失,有效延长车轮运用寿命,从而降低机务段的车轮运维压力。Uneven coaxial wear of wheel flanges is a common phenomenon in railway locomotive wheelsets.It not only poses safety risks while operating the locomotives,but also shortens the expective service life of the wheels.This research focuses on the issue of uneven coaxial wear of wheel flanges that appears in the locomotives of HXD3 series assigned to the locomotive depot A in the eastern coastal region of China.The causes of the uneven wear were first analysed,with the principal cause identified as excursion in the locomotive's centre of gravity or asymmetrical performance of bogie components,thus leading to abnormally high wear rates on single side of the flanges.Based on this conclusion,three maintenance strategies for wheels that can be implemented at the locomotive depot were proposed,whose effectiveness were verified via the subsequent variations in flange wear rates and flange thickness differences.The validation results show that adjusting the centre of gravity by raising one side of the wheelset with uneven wear can effectively mitigate the coaxial flange wear issue in HXD3 locomotives at the locomotive depot A.The reverse adjustment of wheel diameter differences on six wheelset samples resulted in a decrease in flange wear rate by an average of 0.24 mm per 10000 km,which is a reduction of 70.41%compared to pre-treatment levels,as well as the advantages of high adjustability and relative simplicity on application,and this strategy is validated to be effective in reduce losses in wheel diameter due to wheel flange lathing to correct abnormal wear,extending the service life of the wheels,thereby alleviating the depot's wheel maintenance burden.

关 键 词：机车车轮 轮缘偏磨 轮缘磨耗率 车轮运维 

分 类 号：U264.8[机械工程—车辆工程]