凹底平车优化设计与型式试验研讨  

Discussion on the Optimization Design and Type Test of Depressed Center Flat Car

作　　者：郑景龙 ZHENG Jinglong(CRRC Harbin Rolling Stock Co.,Ltd.,Harbin Heilongjiang 150056,China)

机构地区：[1]中车哈尔滨车辆有限公司,哈尔滨150056

出　　处：《高速铁路新材料》2025年第2期46-52,共7页Advanced Materials of High Speed Railway

摘　　要：长大货物车是铁路运输中用于承载超限货物的特种车辆,具有载重大、结构特殊、适应性强的特点,其设计制造需严格执行相关国家标准和行业规范。系统阐述了国内凹底平车的发展历程,重点分析了凹底架在强度与刚度设计方面的关键技术难题。凹底架整体结构的高应力区域分布复杂,特别是折角部位存在显著的应力集中现象。基于对历代凹底平车承载性能指标和考核数据的统计分析,提出了结构优化方案,并采用三维建模与有限元仿真相结合的方法,对凹底架进行了全面的强度与刚度计算分析。通过对比优化前后的应力分布和刚度数据,验证了设计方法的有效性。研究结果表明:优化后的凹底架整体结构和折角部位设计方案显著改善了应力分布状态,提高了结构可靠性。结合试验数据,对凹底平车现行型式试验标准和运用考核指标提出了改进建议,为其设计优化和标准修订提供了理论依据和技术支撑。The heavy duty freight car is a specialized railway vehicle designed for transporting out-ofgauge goods,characterized by its high load capacity,unique structure,and strong adaptability.Its design and manufacturing must strictly adhere to relevant national standards and industry regulations.The development history of domestic depressed center flat cars,with a focus on analyzing the key technical challenges in the strength and stiffness design of the depressed center frame was systematically elaborated.The research indicated that the high-stress regions of the depressed center frame are complex in distribution,particularly with significant stress concentration at the corner areas.Based on statistical analysis of load-bearing performance indicators and assessment data from previous generations of depressed center flat cars,structural optimization solutions were proposed.A comprehensive strength and stiffness analysis of the depressed center frame was conducted using a combination of 3D modeling and finite element simulation.By comparing stress distribution and stiffness data before and after optimization,the effectiveness of the design method was validated.The results demonstrated that the optimized design of the overall structure and corner areas of the depressed center frame can significantly improve stress distribution and enhance structural reliability.Furthermore,based on experimental data,improvements to current type testing standards and operational assessment indicators were suggested,providing theoretical foundations and technical support for the design optimization and standard revision of depressed center flat cars.

关 键 词：凹底平车 凹底架 设计 优化 型式试验 

分 类 号：U272.3[机械工程—车辆工程]