区块链用于罕见病药品供应链的现状、趋势及机遇  

Current Situation,Trend,and Opportunity of Applying Blockchain to the Supply Chain of Orphan Drugs

作　　者：李文衍 游以勒 伍锦东 李昕睿 蒋云赟[5] 王胜锋 LI Wenyan;YOU Yile;WU Jindong;LI Xinrui;JIANG Yunyun;WANG Shengfeng(School of Public Health,Peking University,Beijing 100191,China;Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases(Peking University),Ministry of Education,Peking University,Beijing 100191,China;Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,School of Public Health,Peking University,Beijing 100191,China;School of Public Health,Huazhong University of Science and Technology Tongji Medical College,Wuhan 430000,China;School of Economics,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;Institute for Artificial Intelligence,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学公共卫生学院,北京100191 [2]北京大学重大疾病流行病学教育部重点实验室(北京大学),北京100191 [3]北京大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系,北京100191 [4]华中科技大学同济医学院公共卫生学院,武汉430000 [5]北京大学经济学院,北京100871 [6]北京大学人工智能研究院,北京100871

出　　处：《罕见病研究》2025年第1期14-21,共8页Journal of Rare Diseases

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(72342015)。

摘　　要：区块链用于药品供应链的探索和试点展现了其在促进信息共享、提高主体间协作能力和提高监管效率等方面的巨大潜力,未来有望借助区块链实现罕见病药品供应链的全环节优化,而目前国内尚无相关探索。本文系统梳理了罕见病药品供应链全流程及其现存问题,研究发现,当前区块链主要应用于药品供应链的“流通”和“使用”两个环节,具有提高药品可追溯性、应对假药问题、使药品供应链各主体形成协作网络优化资源配置、提高供应链的运行和监管效率等作用,未来落地应用面临着系统转换成本高昂、人员认知不足和配套制度不全等挑战。本文基于技术、实践和研究3个层面提出了一系列未来区块链用于罕见病药品供应链的展望和建议,创新性地构建了罕见病药品供应链实践模型(DI-GIVE),助力中国罕见病患者的用药保障。The exploration and pilot studies of applying blockchain to drug supply chain show great potential in promoting information sharing,collaboration competence among the actors,regulatory efficiency,and etc.In the future,with the help of blockchain,the optimization of the entire supply chain for orphan drugs is expected to be realized.However,there is no such exploration in China at present.This paper systematically sorts out the whole process of supply chain for orphan drugs and the existing problems of the chain.The article concludes that at present,blockchain is mainly used in the"circulation"and"use"of the drug supply chain.It helps to improve the traceability of drugs,to cope with the problem of counterfeit drugs,to enable actors of the drug supply chain to form a collaborative network in optimizing resource allocation,and to improve the operation and supervision efficiency of the supply chain.In the future,the application faces challenges such as high costs in system conversion,lack of personnel awareness,and incomplete supporting systems.Based on the three dimensions of technology,practice,and research,this paper also looks into the future and suggests for the future use of blockchain in the supply chain of orphan drugs by constructing a practice model,the so called DI-GIVE(Digital,Intelligence,Government′s supervision,Innovation,Views of variety,Evaluation-based)hoping to innovate the supply chain of orphan drugs and to ensure the drug use for the patients with rare diseases in China.

关 键 词：区块链 罕见病药品 药品供应链 用药保障 

分 类 号：R194[医药卫生—卫生事业管理] R954[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学] R956