中国高水平男子100m自由泳运动员区间速度特征分析  

Analysis of Velocity Characteristics in High-Level 100m Freestyle Swimmers in China

作　　者：张瀛月 潘旭 晋勋 高庆 侯瑶 刘功聚 ZHANG Ying-yue;PAN Xu;JIN Xun;GAO Qing;HOU Yao;LIU Gong-ju(Key Laboratory of Aquatic Sports Science,General Administration of Sport,Zhejiang College of Sports,Hangzhou 311231,China)

机构地区：[1]国家体育总局水上运动科学重点实验室,浙江体育职业技术学院,浙江杭州311231

出　　处：《浙江体育科学》2025年第3期86-93,共8页Zhejiang Sport Science

基　　金：浙江省科学技术厅“尖兵领雁+X”研发攻关计划(2024C03260)。

摘　　要：目的:分析中国高水平男子100m自由泳运动员的配速特征,了解不同阶段速度与成绩的关系及不同水平选手的速度差异。方法:选取2023年至2024年间三次重要赛事决赛中24名中国高水平男子100m自由泳的比赛录像,利用Dartfish软件分析记录运动员在16个分段区间的速度数据,采用SPSS 23.0软件进行统计处理,进行Pearson相关分析、独立样本t检验及配对样本t检验。结果:运动员在10个区间内的速度与最终成绩显著负相关,优秀组运动员在7个分段区间的速度显著高于次优秀组,两组相邻区间速度变化差异主要体现在转身前后及最后冲刺阶段。结论:优秀组运动员通过更快的出发加速、有效的速度维持及合理的减速策略来保持领先优势,并在多个关键阶段减少速度衰减从而获得更好成绩。Objective:The present study investigates the pacing profiles of high-level Chinese male 100-meter freestyle swimmers,elucidating the relationship between speed at various stages of the race and overall performance outcomes.Identifying the velocity discrepancies among swimmers of differing performancelevels.Methods:The study selected race videos from the finals of three major events between 2023 and 2024,focusing on 24 top Chinese male 100-meter freestyle swimmers.The races were segmented into 16 intervals using Dartfish software for detailed speed data collection.Statistical analyses were conducted with SPSS 23.0,including Pearson correlation analysis,independent samples t-tests,and paired samples t-tests.Results:The analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between swimmers'velocities in ten race segments and their final performance times.Elite group athletes demonstrated significantly higher speeds than the sub-elite group in seven segments.The primary differences in velocity changes between the two groups across adjacent intervals were predominantly observed during the phases immediately before and after the turn,and during the final sprint stage.Conclusion:Elite athletes maintained a competitive edge across multiple stages of the race and minimized velocity decay through faster acceleration at the start,effective maintenance of speed,and strategic deceleration management,achieving superior performance outcomes.

关 键 词：100m自由泳 比赛分析 配速策略 速度特征 

分 类 号：G861.11[文化科学—体育训练]