田径跳跃运动中个体反向动作特征的评价方法研究  

Method for Evaluating the Characteristics of Counter Movement in Jump Exercises of Track and Field

作　　者：白俊伟 BAI Jun-wei(Department of Public Physical,China Academy of Art,Hangzhou 310002,China)

机构地区：[1]中国美术学院公共体育部,浙江杭州310002

出　　处：《浙江体育科学》2025年第3期94-100,共7页Zhejiang Sport Science

摘　　要：目的:分析和验证下落反弹跳测试用于评价田径运动员个体反向动作特征的有效性、可信性和适用性。方法:募集高水平男性田径运动员52名,分别在双测力平台上进行半蹲跳(Squat Jump,SJ)、下蹲跳(Countermovement Jump,CMJ)和下落反弹跳测试(Drop Rebound Jump,DRJ),采用皮尔森相关分析计算出下落反弹跳中反弹跳(Rebound Jump,RJ)部分最佳反向动作时间与最大跳跃高度的相关性,并采用单因素方差分析比较SJ、CMJ和DRJ中跳深(Drop Jump,DJ)部分和RJ部分的跳跃高度的差异性。结果:①CMJ和DRJ中RJ部分的跳跃高度分别显著大于SJ和DRJ中DJ的跳跃高度(P<0.05);②DRJ中RJ部分反向动作时间与跳跃高度间呈现倒“U”字模型;③下落反弹跳测试RJ部分与重复性测试的最佳反向动作时间和最大跳跃高度之间存在显著性正相关(P<0.05)。结论:下落反弹跳可作为评价运动员个人反向动作特征的有效测试手段,评价范围贯穿从“硬式”到“软式”5种弹跳力类型,适用于田径各项训练实践之中。Objective:To analyze and verify the drop rebound jump test to evaluate individual counter movement athletes validity,credibility and applicability.Method:52high level track and field athletes were selected,respectively,Squat Jump(SJ),Countermovement Jump(CMJ)and drop rebound test(DRJ)at the double test platform were carried out,Pearson correlation analysis was used to calculate the best counter movement time and the maximum jump height,and one-way variance analysis was used in SJ,CMJ and DJ and RJ of RDJ jump height differences.Results:①the jump height of RJ in CMJ and DRJ is significantly greater than the jump height of SJ and DRJ respectively(P<0.05);②The waveform between the counter movement time and jumping height was an inverted U-shape③There is a significant positive correlation between the RJ part and the maximum jump height for the repeatability test(P<0.05).Conclusion:Drop rebound jump can be used as a practical test means to evaluate the individual counter movement characteristics of athletes.The evaluation range runs through the five types of jumping force from“hard”to“soft”,which is applicable to various training practices of track and field.

关 键 词：下落反弹跳测试 最佳反向动作时间 弹跳力 

分 类 号：G823[文化科学—体育训练]