俄苏量子力学哲学研究的独特进路  

A Unique Approach to the Philosophical Study of Quantum Mechanics in Russia and the Soviet Union

作　　者：孙玉忠[1] SUN Yuzhong

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨师范大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《哲学分析》2025年第2期16-24,196,共10页Philosophical Analysis

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“20世纪60年代以来苏联(俄罗斯)科技哲学与科技史研究”(项目编号:21&ZD062)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：俄苏学者依据晚年维特根斯坦本体论语境依赖的思想,在哥本哈根正统解释的框架内提出了量子语境实在论。量子语境实在论拒绝测量中观察者意识的介入,它既承认观察者和被观察者的区别,又拒绝认知主体与认知客体的二元论,使量子力学的测量问题变成了一个伪问题。量子语境实在论允许以因果和局域的方式将量子相干性解释为语境中的相关性,消除了量子力学解释中因果关系问题的神秘性。同时,量子语境实在论关注对实在概念的正确理解,在正统解释的框架内建立起波函数与实在的关系。这一方案对量子力学解释中的重大问题均给出了不同以往的回应,凸显出俄苏量子力学哲学研究的独特性。Russian-Soviet scholars,relying on the late Wittgenstein’s idea of ontological contextdependence,proposed quantum contextual positivism within the framework of the Copenhagen orthodox interpretation.Quantum contextual positivism rejects the involvement of observer consciousness in measurement by both recognizing the distinction between observer and observed and rejecting the dichotomy between cognitive subject and cognitive object,thereby rendering the measurement problem in quantum mechanics a pseudo-problem.Quantum contextual positivism allows quantum coherence to be interpreted as correlation-in-context in a causal and local manner,eliminating the mystery surrounding the causality problem in quantum mechanics interpretation.At the same time,quantum contextual positivism addresses the correct understanding of the concept of the real,establishing the relationship between the wave function and reality within the framework of the orthodox interpretation.This approach provides distinct answers to all major questions in quantum mechanics interpretation,underscoring the uniqueness of Russia’s philosophical contributions to quantum mechanics.

关 键 词：量子力学哲学 量子语境实在论 

分 类 号：N02[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]