大学生教育优绩主义的困境、原因与解决路径  

The Predicament of Educational Meritocracy among College Students and Its Underlying Causes and Solutions

作　　者：范雨欣 王儒年[1] FAN Yuxin;WANG Runian(College of Marxism,China Pharmaceutical University,Nanjing 211198,China)

机构地区：[1]中国药科大学马克思主义学院,南京211198

出　　处：《药学教育》2025年第2期22-26,47,共6页Pharmaceutical Education

摘　　要：高等教育高质量发展是时代和社会的要求,也是实现人的全面发展的重要条件。提倡“才能+努力=成功”的优绩主义助长了恶性竞争和数字崇拜,使高等教育高质量发展受到了阻碍。为了从大学生视角理解优绩主义的影响及其产生原因,通过访谈毕业生,以建构主义扎根理论路径分析访谈资料,发现大学生受优绩主义影响产生了焦虑、傲慢情绪和功利性学习行为,时代变迁、应试教育、传统思想和家长期望的外部原因,以及追求确定感、缺乏远大理想、烦恼前途的内部原因使大学生被迫相信优绩主义,并在此基础上提出了可能的解决方法。The high-quality development of higher education is both a demand of the era and society,as well as a crucial condition for achieving holistic human development.However,the advocacy of the meritocratic ideal of“talent+effort=success”has fueled unhealthy competition and an overemphasis on numerical achievements,hindering the advancement of higher education.To understand the impact and origins of meritocracy from the perspective of college students,this study conducted interviews with graduates and applied a constructivist grounded theory approach to analyze the data.The findings reveal that the influence of meritocracy has led to anxiety,arrogance,and utilitarian learning behaviors among students.External factors,such as societal shifts,examination-oriented education,traditional ideologies,and parental expectations,combined with internal factors,including the pursuit of certainty,lack of lofty aspirations,and concerns about future prospects,compel students to accept meritocratic beliefs.Based on these findings,the paper proposes potential solutions.

关 键 词：优绩主义 大学生 小镇做题家 内卷 

分 类 号：G640[文化科学—高等教育学]