1958-2020年三沙永兴岛风向风速特征  

Characteristics of Wind Direction and Speed at Yongxing Island,Sansha from 1958 to 2020

作　　者：王国章 孙伟 WANG Guozhang;SUN Wei(Sun Yat-Sen University School of Atmospheric Sciences,Zhuhai 519082;Sansha Meteorological Service,Sansha 573100;South China Sea Key Laboratory for Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Mitigation,Hainan Province,Haikou 570203)

机构地区：[1]中山大学大气科学学院,广东珠海519082 [2]三沙市气象局,海南三沙573100 [3]海南省南海气象防灾减灾重点实验室,海南海口570203

出　　处：《广东气象》2025年第2期43-47,共5页Guangdong Meteorology

基　　金：海南省院士创新平台科研项目资金资助(YSPTZX202143)。

摘　　要：为做好西沙地区海上航行保障服务等提供参考,采用线性趋势分析法、集合经验模态分解(EEMD)和布什兰德范围检验、佩蒂特检验、标准正态均匀性检验(SNHT)及Mann-Kendall方法,分析了三沙永兴岛1958—2020年风向和风速的变化特征及成因,结果表明:永兴岛每年以NE和NNE方向的风为主要风向,年平均风速为4.5 m·s^(-1),主要风向的风速较快。风速日变化呈单峰形态,而风速月变化均呈“W”型。季节主导风向均有不同。永兴岛在7月出现最大风速的次数较多,WSW和SW是最大风速常出现的风向。研究时段内年平均风速和四季风速均呈减小趋势。准3年的年际变化和准21年的年代际变化是永兴岛年平均风速的主要变化周期;4季风速变化周期主要为准3年。年平均风速在1983年出现突变点,春、夏、秋、冬4季平均风速分别在1983、1979、1981和1981年出现突变。对流层低层的风速变化并不是导致永兴岛风速变化的成因,而温度的升高则是其风速变化的原因。To provide reference for maritime navigation support services in the Xisha area,this paper analyzed the variation characteristics of wind direction and speed for Yongxing Island,Sansha from 1958 to 2020 and their causes using the methods of linear tendency analysis,Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition(EEMD),Buishand Range Test,Pettitt Test,Standard Normal Homogeneity Test(SNHT)and Mann-Kendall abruptness test.The results are shown as follows.On Yongxing Island,the annual wind directions were mainly NE and NNE and the annual average wind speed was 4.5 m/s.The wind was relatively strong when it was from dominant directions.The wind speed was unimodal in the diurnal range and followed a W-shaped pattern in the monthly range.Seasonal dominant wind directions differed.Maximum wind speed occurred most frequently in July on the island,with WSW and SW being two main directions.For the years of interest,both the annual average wind speed and seasonal wind speed tended to decrease.The quasi-3 a interannual and quasi-21 a interdecadal variations were the main periods of variation in the annual average wind speed of the island.The seasonal wind speed varied mainly at the quasi-3 a period.An abrupt change point took place in 1983 for the annual average wind speed and in 1983,1979,1981,and 1981 for the seasonal average wind speed of spring,summer,autumn,and winter respectively.The change of wind speed on the island was caused by the rise of temperature,rather than the change of wind speed in the low level of the troposphere.

关 键 词：气候学 风向风速 周期变化 三沙永兴岛 

分 类 号：P46[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]