车载液氢储罐蒸气冷屏组合绝热结构非稳态传热特性研究  

Study on transient heat transfer characteristics of multi-layer insulation structure coupled with vapor cooled shield for vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen storage tank

作　　者：许张良 谭宏博[1] 吴昊[1] Xu Zhangliang;Tan Hongbo;Wu Hao(Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学制冷与低温技术研究所,西安710049

出　　处：《低温工程》2025年第2期26-33,共8页Cryogenics

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFB1506203)。

摘　　要：为探究车载液氢储罐绝热结构的非稳态传热特性,建立了蒸气冷屏-变密度多层绝热组合绝热结构传热模型,并耦合确定液氢储罐内状态参数,预测了蒸气冷屏对绝热结构与液氢储罐非稳态传热特性的影响。研究表明:若液氢储罐初始压力为200 kPa,当蒸气冷屏开启4 h,再关闭1 h,再开启3.05 h时,组合绝热结构的平均漏热热流密度分别为0.8879 W/m^(2)、0.2539 W/m^(2)与0.1055 W/m^(2),相较于无VCS的变密度多层绝热结构分别减少31.66%、80.09%与91.65%;采用组合绝热结构时液氢储罐最高压力为200.3 kPa,在第4 h、5 h、8.05 h液氢储罐压力分别为196.3 kPa、197.2 kPa、181.9 kPa,而采用常规变密度多层绝热结构时液氢储罐压力持续上升至206.8 kPa;耦合蒸气冷屏之后,绝热结构漏热明显降低,改变了液氢储罐压力变化趋势,绝热结构与液氢储罐的非稳态传热特性得到显著改善。To investigate the transient heat transfer characteristics of the insulation structure for a vehicle-mounted liquid hydrogen storage tank,a heat transfer model for the variable density multi-layer insulation structure(VDMLI)coupled with one vapor cold shield(VCS)was estab-lished.The state properties inside the liquid hydrogen storage tank were determined by coupling the model to predict the influence of the VCS on the transient heat transfer characteristics of the insulation structure and liquid hydrogen storage tank.The study shows that if the initial pressure of the liquid hydrogen storage tank is 200 kPa,when the VCS is open for 4 h,closed for 1 h and open for 3.05 h,the average heat flux of the composite insulation structure is 0.8879 W/m^(2),0.2539 W/m^(2) and 0.1055 W/m^(2) respectively,which is reduced by 31.66%,80.09%and 91.65%compared with that of the VDMLI structure without VCS.When the composite insulation structure is adopted,the pressure of the liquid hydrogen storage tank at 4 h,5 h and 8.05 h is 196.3 kPa,197.2 kPa and 181.9 kPa respectively,the maximum of which is 200.3 kPa,while the pressure continues to rise to 206.8 kPa when the conventional VDMLI structure is adopted.The heat leakage of the insulation structure significantly decreases after the VCS is coupled,which changes the pressure variation trend of the liquid hydrogen storage tank.The transient heat trans-fer characteristics of the insulation structure and liquid hydrogen storage tank are evidently im-proved.

关 键 词：蒸气冷屏 变密度多层绝热 车载液氢储罐 非稳态传热特性 

分 类 号：TB611[一般工业技术—制冷工程]