报纸成为人民群众的“新闻教科书”——对解放战争时期工农通讯员教育实践的考察  

Newspapers as the “Journalism Textbook” for the Masses:An Investigation into the Educational Practices for Worker-Peasant Correspondents During the Liberation War Period

作　　者：田中初 Tian Zhongchu(Zhejiang Gongshang University)

机构地区：[1]浙江工商大学人文与传播学院,浙江杭州310018

出　　处：《新闻与传播评论》2025年第3期5-14,共10页Journalism & Communication Review

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目(23FXWB027)。

摘　　要：解放战争时期,工农群众成为新闻通讯员是一种显著的社会现象。为了帮助文化素养低下的工农通讯员参与新闻采写实践,许多报纸利用发行量较大、出版周期较短、贴近基层社会等优势,开辟出相关的专版或专栏,面向广大工农通讯员实施新闻业务教育,以期让他们懂得“怎么写”“写什么”和“怎么改”。“怎么写”让工农通讯员习得新闻采写的基础知识;“写什么”指引工农通讯员知晓革命动员所需要的文本呈现内容;“怎么改”则鼓励了工农通讯员的知识应用进而激发其社会主体感。在这样的多重作用下,报纸发挥了“新闻教科书”作用,推动一大批工农通讯员在与我党的同频共振中融入“党的新闻工作者”队伍。During the Liberation War Period,the emergence of worker-peasant correspondents became a significant social phenomenon.To facilitate news reporting and writing practices among these correspondents with limited literacy,numerous newspapers leveraged their advantages of extensive circulation,short publication cycles,and close proximity to grassroots communities to establish dedicated sections or columns to provide professional journalism education for worker-peasant correspondents,aiming to instruct them on “how to write,” “what to write,” and “how to revise.” The “how to write” component imparted foundational knowledge of journalistic practices;“what to write” guided correspondents in presenting content aligned with revolutionary mobilization needs;while “how to revise” encouraged knowledge application and fostered their sense of social agency.Through this multidimensional educational framework,newspapers functioned as a “journalism textbook,” enabling numerous worker-peasant correspondents to integrate into the ranks of “the Party's journalists” as they resonated with the Party's objectives.

关 键 词：解放战争 报纸 工农通讯员 新闻教育 

分 类 号：G21[文化科学—新闻学]