基于机组的火电电碳因子分析研究  

Calculation and Analysis of Thermal Power Carbon Emission Factors Based on Generating Units

作　　者：屈加豹 齐硕 雷团团 陈爱忠 曾金灿 QU Jiabao;QI Shuo;LEI Tuantuan;CHEN Aizhong;ZENG Jincan(Appraisal Center for Environment and Engineering,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Beijing 100041,China;State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Environment Impact Assessment,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Beijing 100041,China;China Southern Power Grid Energy Development Research Institute Ltd.,Guangzhou 510663,China)

机构地区：[1]生态环境部环境工程评估中心,北京100041 [2]生态环境部国家环境保护环境影响评价数值模拟重点实验室,北京100041 [3]南方电网能源发展研究院有限责任公司,广东广州510663

出　　处：《环境影响评价》2025年第2期34-40,共7页Environmental Impact Assessment

基　　金：中国南方电网有限责任公司管理创新项目(ZBKJXM20210437)。

摘　　要：本研究收集了我国3296台火电机组的运行数据和燃料消耗信息,并对数据进行统计分析。结果显示:2021年,我国各区域火电机组电碳因子(以CO_(2)计)存在明显的差异,区域加权平均值在0.80~0.91 t(MW·h);省级层面,云南省火电电碳因子(以CO_(2)计)最大,为0.98 t(MW·h),约为北京市的3倍;独立电厂的电碳因子总体低于自备电厂;碳排放强度与机组规模负相关,小规模机组(<100 MW)电碳因子相较1000 MW以上规模机组高出31.3%;发电负荷为10%~<40%的机组与发电负荷为80%~100%的机组相比,电碳因子高出75.8%;燃气发电电碳因子较1000 MW超超临界水冷机组还低52.4%。机组参数对电碳因子影响的研究表明,电碳因子与机组规模、冷却方式、压力等级等均有关。其中,水冷机组电碳因子不高于空冷机组。在相同的规模和冷却方式下,亚临界机组的能耗强度和碳排放强度明显高于超临界、超超临界机组;在相同的冷却方式和压力等级下,规模差异影响相对较小。This study collected operational data and fuel consumption information from 3296 thermal power units in China,and conducted statistical analysis on the data.The results show that there are significant differences in the electricity carbon emission factors(measured in CO_(2))of power units in different regions power grids,with regional weighted averages range from 0.80 to 0.91 t(MW·h);at the provincial level,the electricity carbon emission factors of Yunan Province is the highest[measured in CO_(2),0.98 t(MW·h)],which is three times that of Beijing;the electricity carbon emission factors of independent power plants are generally lower than those of self-supply power plants;as the scale of the units decreases,the carbon dioxide emission intensity gradually increases,the electricity carbon emission factor of small scale units(less than 100 MW)is 31.3% higher than that of units over 1000 MW;the electricity carbon emission factor of a unit with a generating load between 10% and 40% is 75.8% higher than that of a unit with a generating load above 80%;the electric carbon factor of gas-fired power generation is 52.4% lower than that of 1000 MW ultra-supercritical water cooling unit.Additionally,this study further explored the impact of unit parameters on the electricity carbon emission factor,the results show that the scale of the unit,cooling method and pressure grade all have a certain impact on the electricity carbon emission factor.Among them,the electricity carbon emission factor of water-cooled units is not higher than that of air-cooled units;under the same scale and cooling mode,the energy consumption intensity and carbon emission intensity of subcritical units are obviously higher than those of supercritical and ultra-supercritical units;under the same cooling method and pressure level,the impact of scale difference is relatively small.

关 键 词：碳排放 火力发电 电碳因子 影响因素 

分 类 号：X322[环境科学与工程—环境工程]