抗CMAS腐蚀涡轮叶片热障涂层研究进展  

Research Progress on CMAS Corrosion-Resistant Thermal Barrier Coatings for Turbine Blades

作　　者：谷寰宇 董金全 梁立康 王世兴[1,2] 何箐[1,2] GU Huanyu;DONG Jinquan;LIANG Likang;WANG Shixing;HE Qing(Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100083,China;Beijing Jinlunkuntian Special Machine Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业机械化科学研究院集团有限公司,北京100083 [2]北京金轮坤天特种机械有限公司,北京100083

出　　处：《热喷涂技术》2025年第1期58-71,共14页Thermal Spray Technology

基　　金：国家科技重大专项(J2022-Ⅵ-0009-0040)。

摘　　要：热障涂层(TBC)是航空发动机和燃气轮机热端部件制造的核心技术之一,环境沉积物CMAS(CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2)腐蚀成为当前影响TBCs服役性能和发动机安全运行的关键因素,尤其在海洋环境下形成的低熔点产物和强烈腐蚀作用为CMAS防护带来了更大挑战。本文综述了APS和EB-PVD热障涂层在CMAS作用下的失效机理,从耐CMAS腐蚀陶瓷材料、抗CMAS腐蚀热障涂层结构、表面封阻层、低表面粗糙度热障涂层处理技术等方面,探讨了涡轮叶片表面抗CMAS腐蚀热障涂层技术研究现状及应用实践。本文重点分析了低表面粗糙度热障涂层处理技术,特别是涂层光饰技术,通过降低表面粗糙度、减少表面缺陷和优化涂层表面形貌,显著提升了涂层的抗CMAS腐蚀性能。该技术已在航空航天领域得到实际应用,并展现出良好的防护效果。文章探讨了涂层光饰技术在抑制CMAS渗透、延缓涂层失效方面的作用机制,并对其应用前景进行了展望。最后,对抗CMAS腐蚀的涡轮叶片热障涂层防护技术提出了未来研究的重点方向。Thermal Barrier Coatings(TBCs)represent a core technology in the manufacturing of hot-end components for aero-engines and gas turbines.However,the corrosion caused by environmental deposits,known as CMAS(CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2),has become a critical factor affecting the service performance of TBCs and the operational safety of engines.In marine environments,the formation of low-melting-point compounds and the exacerbation of corrosive effects further intensify the challenges for CMAS protection.This paper reviewed the failure mechanisms of APS(Atmospheric Plasma Spraying)and EB-PVD(Electron Beam Physical Vapor Deposition)TBCs under CMAS attack.The current research status and practical applications of CMAS-resistant TBC technologies for turbine blades were discussed,focusing on CMAS-resistant ceramic materials,coating structures,surface sealing layers,and low-surface-roughness TBC treatment techniques.Special emphasis was placed on low-surface-roughness thermal barrier coating treatment techniques,particularly coating finishing technology.By reducing surface roughness,minimizing surface defects,and optimizing coating surface morphology,this technology has significantly enhanced the CMAS corrosion resistance of coatings.It has been practically applied in the aerospace field and has demonstrated excellent protective performance.The paper analyzed its mechanisms and application prospects in enhancing CMAS corrosion resistance.Finally,the key future research directions for protection technologies of CMAS corrosion-resistant TBCs for turbine blades were proposed.

关 键 词：热障涂层 CMAS腐蚀 失效机理 防护方法 涂层光饰 

分 类 号：TG174.4[金属学及工艺—金属表面处理]