Current status and diversity of fish resources in the Pinglu Canal Century Project  

平陆运河世纪工程鱼类资源现状及多样性研究

作　　者：LU Jia TANG Wei WANG Li XU Shengxian ZHANG Peng YANG Shengfa 路嘉;唐玮;王丽;徐胜贤;张鹏;杨胜发(重庆交通大学河海学院,重庆400074;长江重庆航运工程勘察设计院,重庆401147;中交水运规划设计院有限公司,北京100007;国家内河航道整治工程)

机构地区：[1]College of River and Ocean Engineering,Chongqing Jiaotong University,Chongqing 400074,China [2]Yangtze River Chongqing Shipping Engineering Survey and Design Institute,Chongqing 401147,China [3]CCCC Water Transportation Planning and Design Institute Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100007,China [4]National Engineering Research Center for Inland Waterway Regulation,Chongqing 400074,China

出　　处：《水利水电技术(中英文)》2025年第4期131-144,共14页Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(42007213);国家重点研发计划(2023YFC3208801);重庆市研究生导师团队建设项目(JDDSTD2022001);重庆市研究生联合培养基地建设项目(JDLHPYJD2019001)联合资助。

摘　　要：[Objective]The channel straightening project of the Pinglu Canal has fragmented the river course,compromising the integrity of original river course and causing ecosystem patchiness.Understanding the current status of fish resources and the characteristics of their diversity is crucial for the ecological management of the Pinglu Canal.[Methods]During the spring and autumn in 2021 and 2022,a survey of fish resources and species diversity in the Pinglu Canal was conducted using multi-mesh gill nets.A total of 125 fish species were collected,belonging to 10 orders,34 families,and 89 genera.[Results]The result showed that the Pinglu Canal contained three nationally protected Class II species,two endemic species of the Qinjiang River,three anadromous/migratory species,and eight invasive species,accounting for 2.4%,1.6%,2.4%,and 6.4%of the total species,respectively.The fish community primarily consisted of mid-and bottom-dwelling,adhesive-egg-laying,and omnivorous species.The Shannon-Wiener,Simpson,Margalef,and Pielou indices of the fish community in the Pinglu Canal ranged from 2.347 to 2.757,0.081 to 0.151,3.493 to 4.382,and 0.812 to 0.892,respectively.These indices showed relatively uniform distribution across different river reaches.[Conclusion]The result indicate that the fish community structure in the Pinglu Canal is relatively uniform.The reach from the Yujiang River to the Shaping River shows higher stability,while other river reaches experience moderate or severe disturbances.This study provides supplementary baseline data on the fish community structure in the Pinglu Canal and explores the potential impact of inter-basin connectivity on fish resources,aiming to provide a scientific basis for habitat restoration assessments after the channel straightening project.【目的】平陆运河裁弯取直工程对河道形成切割效应,破坏了原有河道的完整性,使河道生态系统景观斑块化,了解鱼类资源状况及多样性特征对平陆运河的生态治理至关重要。【方法】2021-2022年春季和秋季,采用多网目复合刺网调查的方式对平陆运河鱼类资源和物种多样性展开调查。渔获物调查共采集鱼类125种,隶属于10目34科89属。【结果】结果显示:平陆运河国家二级重点保护野生动物3种,钦江特有鱼类2种,江海洄游鱼类有3种,外来物种8种,分别占总种类数的2.4%,1.6%,2.4%,6.4%,鱼类群落以中下层、产黏性卵、杂食性鱼类为主。平陆运河鱼类群落的Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数、Margalef指数、Pielou指数变化范围分别为2.347~2.757、0.081~0.151、3.493~4.382、0.812~0.892,各指数在不同江段分布较为均匀。【结论】结果表明:平陆运河鱼类群落结构较为均匀,郁江江段至沙坪河江段鱼类群落结构稳定性相对较高,其余江段鱼类群落结构均受到中度干扰或严重干扰。为本研究补充了平陆运河鱼类群落结构的基础数据,探讨了水系连通后对鱼类资源可能造成的影响,以期为截弯取直后生境修复评估提供科学依据。

关 键 词：Pinglu Canal Project inter-basin connectivity fish resources community structure BIODIVERSITY influencing factors 

分 类 号：TV211[水利工程—水文学及水资源]