汽车座椅后倾乘员下潜与腰椎损伤研究  

Submarining and lumbar spine injuries of occupants in reclined seat

作　　者：平梦浩 梁微微 周青[2] 唐亮[1] PING Menghao;LIANG Weiwei;ZHOU Qing;TANG Liang(School of Technology,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;School of Vehicle and Mobility,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学工学院,北京100083 [2]清华大学车辆与运载学院,北京100084

出　　处：《浙江大学学报(工学版)》2025年第4期679-687,共9页Journal of Zhejiang University:Engineering Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51975057);汽车零部件先进制造技术教育部重点实验室开放课题基金资助项目(2021KLMT05).

摘　　要：使用改进的Hybrid Ⅲ 5th假人对影响下潜的约束系统参数进行敏感性分析,提出6种防止智能驾驶汽车乘员在后倾座椅工况下发生下潜的保护方案.通过碰撞车速为48 km/h的正面碰撞有限元分析和台车碰撞试验验证所提方案的有效性.结果表明,后倾工况在增加乘员下潜风险的同时,增大了乘员头部、颈部和腰椎的伤害风险.所有防下潜方案均导致腰椎轴向力增加,提示防下潜措施会增加腰椎损伤风险,表明防下潜与腰椎损伤之间存在矛盾关系.肩带限力器与安全带单向锁止器的组合、髋部气囊、卷收器预紧器与锁扣预紧器的组合,可以消除乘员在后倾工况中的下潜现象,保护腰椎,乘员头部、颈部、胸部和腿部的伤害指标均符合FMVSS 208的限值要求.Six anti-submarining countermeasures were developed with the modified Hybrid Ⅲ 5th dummy to prevent the reclining occupants in intelligent vehicles,and a sensitivity analysis of the restraint system parameters affecting submarining was carried out.The effectiveness of the anti-submarining countermeasures was studied through frontal impact simulations at an impact speed of 48 km/h and sled tests.Results show that the reclining condition increases the risk of submarining while increasing the risk of injury to the head,neck and lumbar.The axial forces of lumbar increase in all countermeasures,suggesting that anti-submarining countermeasures can increase the risk of lumbar injury,indicating that there is a contradictory relationship between anti-submarining and lumbar spine fracture.The combination of shoulder belt load limiter and locking tongue,hip airbag,and the combination of retractor pretensioner and buckle pretensioner prevent reclining occupants from submarining and protect the lumbar spine,and the injury criteria of the head,neck,chest and leg of the occupant comply with the limit values specified in FMVSS 208.

关 键 词：正面碰撞 后倾工况 防下潜 腰椎损伤 改进的假人模型 

分 类 号：U467[机械工程—车辆工程]