基于振动响应重构的电主轴径向回转误差测量  

Measurement of radial rotation error of electric spindle based on vibration response reconstruction

作　　者：阮佳豪 康为民 傅建中[1,2] RUAN Jiahao;KANG Weimin;FU Jianzhong(School of Mechanical Engineering,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310027,China;Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province,Hangzhou 310027,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学机械工程学院,浙江杭州310027 [2]浙江省三维打印工艺与装备重点实验室,浙江杭州310027

出　　处：《浙江大学学报(工学版)》2025年第4期842-852,869,共12页Journal of Zhejiang University:Engineering Science

基　　金：浙江省自然科学基金资助项目(DT23E0501,DT23E050005);国家自然科学基金资助项目(52175440);浙江省科技计划项目(2023C01059).

摘　　要：现有测量电主轴径向回转误差的方法适用于低转速,无法实现加工过程的在线测量.开展机床电主轴振动响应与径向回转误差的内在机理研究,揭示电主轴振动重构在线测量径向回转误差机制,提出电主轴在高速转动下通过振动信号获取在线测量径向回转误差的新方法.应用模态扩展方程,基于电主轴机壳上采集的振动信号,重构芯轴的振动响应.在重构过程中,利用有限元仿真实现电主轴模态振型初步提取,采用模态振型实验校正电主轴模态振型,建立芯轴振动响应与电主轴径向回转误差的数学模型,实现电主轴径向回转误差的求解.对比实验结果表明,相比主轴径向误差测量的三点法,所提方法在主轴转速低于10000 r/min时,误差不超过6.49%.所提方法为实现数控机床加工过程中电主轴径向回转误差在线测量提供了技术路径.Existing methods of measuring radial rotation error of the electric spindle apply to low rotational speeds and fail to realize the online measurement of the machining process.The intrinsic mechanism of the vibration response and radial rotation error of a machine tool electric spindle was studied,the mechanism of online measurement of radial rotation error by vibration reconstruction of the electric spindle was revealed,and a new method of online measurement of radial rotation error by vibration signal was proposed for the electric spindle under high-speed rotation.The vibration response of the mandrel was reconstructed from the vibration signals collected from the electric spindle housing by modal expansion equation.During the reconstruction process,the initial extraction of the modal vibration pattern of the spindle was realized by finite element simulation,the modal vibration pattern was corrected by modal vibration experiment,and a mathematical model of the vibration response of the mandrel and radial rotation error of the spindle was established to realize the solution of the radial rotation error of the spindle.Comparison tests were conducted with the three-point method of spindle radial error measurement.Results showed that the error of the proposed method was within 6.49%at electric spindle speeds below 10000 r/min.The proposed method provides a technical path for realizing the online measurement of the radial rotation error of the electric spindle during the machining process of CNC machine tools.

关 键 词：数控机床 电主轴 径向回转误差 振动响应重构 模态扩展 

分 类 号：TH113.1[机械工程—机械设计及理论]