不同电解液对304L不锈钢棒电化学塑化的影响  

Influence of different electrolytes on electrochemical plasticization for 304L stainless steel bar

作　　者：郭鑫[1,2] 陈体军 Guo Xin;Chen Tijun(State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Nonferrous Metals,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China;Lanzhou LS Heavy Equipment Co.,Ltd.,Lanzhou 730314,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州理工大学省部共建有色金属先进加工与再利用国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州730050 [2]兰州兰石重型装备股份有限公司,甘肃兰州730314

出　　处：《锻压技术》2025年第4期77-85,共9页Forging & Stamping Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51971105)。

摘　　要：通过拉拔力、显微硬度、电子背散射衍射等方法研究了电化学冷拉拔(ECD)过程中不同种类电解液对304L不锈钢棒材电化学塑化(EP)的影响,并与传统冷拉拔(TCD)作对比。结果表明:304L不锈钢在NaCl溶液和HCl溶液中为点蚀,在棒材表面蚀坑分散且不均匀,显著影响了电化学塑化效果;在H_(2)O(自来水)和NaOH溶液中虽然是均匀腐蚀,但是腐蚀速率太慢,导致塑化效果不明显;在稀H_(2)SO_(4)溶液中电化学腐蚀速率最快而且均匀,塑化效果最佳,拉拔后棒材表面变形层中的位错密度最低,变形层最薄,变形层中晶粒的变形程度最小,从而造成棒材表层的加工硬化程度最小,使得拉拔更容易进行。与TCD相比,在H_(2)SO_(4)溶液中ECD单道次拉拔力下降率最大可达34.8%,表面硬度最大下降37.1%。ECD与TCD相比可以获得表面质量更加优异的产品。The influences of different types of electrolytes on the electrochemical plasticization(EP)of 304L stainless steel bars in the electrochemical cold drawing(ECD)process were investigated by using methods such as drawing force,microhardness and electron backscattering diffraction(EBSD),and the traditional cold drawing(TCD)was compared.The results show that 304L stainless steel is pitted in NaCl and HCl solutions,and the pits on the surface of bar are scattered and uneven,significantly affecting the electrochemical plasticization effect.Although it is uniformly corroded in H_(2)O(tap water)and NaOH solution,the corrosion rate is too slow,resulting in an insignificant plasticization effect.In dilute H_(2)SO_(4)solution,the electrochemical corrosion rate is the fastest and uniform,and the plasticization effect is the best.After drawing,the dislocation density in the deformation layer on the surface of bar is the lowest,the deformation layer is the thinnest,and the deformation degree of grains in the deformation layer is the smallest,resulting in the smallest degree of work hardening on the surface of bar,making the drawing easier.Compared with TCD,the maximum reduction rate of ECD single-pass drawing force in H_(2)SO_(4)solution reaches 34.8%,and the maximum reduction in surface hardness is 37.1%.Thus,compared with TCD,ECD obtains the products with better surface quality.

关 键 词：电化学冷拉拔 电化学塑化 多滑移 电解液 加工硬化 

分 类 号：TG356[金属学及工艺—金属压力加工]