新疆肉牛规模养殖场粪便罐式反应器好氧发酵处理应用实例分析  

Application Example Analysis of Aerobic Fermentation Treatment of Feces Using Tank Reactors in Large-scale Beef Cattle Farms in Xinjiang

作　　者：许栋 XU Dong(Xinjiang Animal Husbandry Station,Urumqi 830011,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆维吾尔自治区畜牧总站,乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《草食家畜》2025年第2期54-60,共7页Grass-Feeding Livestock

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区科协2024年度学会重点资助项目“加快推进新疆优质畜禽产品产业集群高质量发展的路径与对策研究”(XHXM000534)。

摘　　要：【目的】对塔城市肉牛规模养殖场应用罐式反应器好氧发酵处理粪便的效果进行调查,系统性地评价规模肉牛养殖场应用罐式反应器的处理工艺及其优缺点。【方法】采用全面调查与典型调查相结合的方法,对新疆畜禽规模养殖场粪污防治常用的方法和应用效果进行对比分析。【结果】规模养殖场罐式好氧堆肥反应器相较于传统的发酵技术,能够实现曝气、控温、翻抛、除臭、进料及出料全程自动智能控制。发酵后的有机肥有机质质量分数为75%(标准值≥45%);总养分(氮+五氧化二磷+氧化钾)质量分数为6.1%(标准值≥5.0%);重金属总镉(Cd)1 mg·kg^(-1)(标准值≤3 mg·kg^(-1));总铬(Cr)8 mg·kg^(-1)(标准值≤150 mg·kg^(-1));总铅(Pd)5 mg·kg^(-1)(标准值≤50 mg·kg^(-1));总汞(Hg)0.1 mg·kg^(-1)(标准值≤2 mg·kg^(-1));总砷(As)1mg·kg^(-1)(标准值≤15mg·kg^(-1))等重金属远低于标准值,产品符合有机肥无害化处理标准,并具有无需建设厂房,占地面积少,密闭式好氧发酵无二次污染风险的特点。【结论】养殖场粪便罐式反应器好氧发酵是一种操作简便、腐熟周期短、连续性强、经济效益较好的畜禽粪便好氧发酵反应器,但设备投入成本高这一缺点也较为突出。【Objective】In this study,the treatment process as well as advantages and disadvantages of using tank reactors in largescale beef cattle farms in Tacheng City was systematically introduced on the basis of the investigation on the effect of aerobic fermentation treatment of feces using tank reactors.【Methods】A combination of comprehensive investigation and typical investigation was used to compare and analyze the commonly used methods and application effects of fecal pollution prevention and control in large-scale livestock and poultry farms in Xinjiang.【Results】Compared with traditional fermentation technology,the aerobic fermentation treatment in tank reactors in large-scale farms achieved automatic intelligent control of aeration,temperature control,flipping,deodorization,and the entire process of feeding and discharging.The organic matter mass fraction of the fermented organic fertilizer was 75%(standard value:≥45%);that of total nutrients(nitrogen+phosphorus pentoxide+potassium oxide)was 6.1%(standard value:≥5.0%).For the analysis of heavy metal elements,the contents of total cadmium(Cd)of 1 mg·kg^(-1)(standard value:≤3 mg·kg^(-1)),total chromium(Cr)of 8 mg·kg^(-1)(standard value:≤150 mg·kg^(-1)),total plumbum(Pd)of 5 mg·kg^(-1)(standard value:≤50 mg·kg^(-1)),total mercury(Hg)of 0.1 mg·kg^(-1)(standard value:≤2 mg·kg^(-1)),total arsenic(As)of 1 mg·kg^(-1)(standard value:≤15 mg·kg^(-1))and other heavy metals were far below the standard values,indicating that the product met the harmless standard of organic fertilizer,and had the advantages of no need to build a plant,covering an area of less,and closed aerobic fermentation without the risk of secondary pollution.【Conclusion】The aerobic fermentation treatment of feces using tank reactors in livestock farms was characterized by easy operation,short treatment cycle,strong continuity and good economic benefits,however,its disadvantage of high equipment investment cost was also obvious.

关 键 词：肉牛养殖场 反应器 好氧发酵 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学]