膨胀土地基建筑物裂缝特征机理及预防措施  

Characteristic mechanism and preventive measures of cracks in buildings on expansive soil foundation

作　　者：汤旭 汤国毅[1,2] 蒋银杰 经根东[1,2] TANG Xu;TANG Guoyi;JIANG Yinjie;JING Gendong(The First Geological Brigade of Jiangsu Geological Bureau,Nanjing 210041,China;Nanjing Geological Engineering Exploration Institute of Jiangsu,Nanjing 210041,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省地质局第一地质大队,江苏南京210041 [2]江苏南京地质工程勘察院,江苏南京210041

出　　处：《四川建材》2025年第4期111-115,共5页Sichuan Building Materials

摘　　要：笔者在多年的岩土工程勘察工作中,仅在江苏省两个新建的膨胀土地基地下车库、工业厂房顶板发现多条斜裂缝。目前,国内的膨胀土地基建筑物裂缝形成机理的研究成果还停留于裂缝形状、建筑物转动的调查、总结,形成机理研究未上升到一定的理论研究水平。在今后的岩土工程中,为了预防膨胀土地基建筑物产生裂缝,针对膨胀土地基地下车库和工业厂房顶板的多条斜裂缝,本文把建筑物结构脆性材料与膨胀土地基、外围的膨胀土韧性材料组合成韧性复合材料,运用较简单的不旋转应变椭球体理论(C最小应变轴、A最大应变轴、B应变轴),对膨胀土地基地下车库顶板裂缝的变形特征、形成机理进行理论研究,并运用较复杂的旋转应变椭球体理论演绎了膨胀土地基工业厂房的变形特征、顶板旋转机理,裂缝的变形特征和形成机理能够相互验证、解释。同时,在膨胀土勘察、建筑物设计、基坑施工及环境保护等方面建议了膨胀土地基建筑物裂缝的预防措施。In my years of geotechnical engineering survey work,I have only discovered multiple diagonal cracks on the roofs of two newly built underground garages and industrial plants on expansive soil foundations in Jiangsu Province.At present,the research results on the formation mechanism of cracks in expansive soil foundation buildings in China are still limited to the investigation and summary of crack shape and building rotation,and the study of formation mechanism has not yet reached a certain level of theoretical research.In future geotechnical engineering,in order to prevent cracks in buildings built on expansive soil foundations,this paper combines brittle materials of building structures with ductile materials of expansive soil foundations and surrounding expansive soil to form resilient composite materials for multiple inclined cracks in the roofs of underground garages and industrial plants on expansive soil foundations.Using a relatively simple theory of non rotating strain ellipsoids(C minimum strain axis,A maximum strain axis,B strain axis),the deformation characteristics and formation mechanism of cracks in the roofs of underground garages on expansive soil foundations are theoretically studied,and the complex theory of rotational strain ellipsoid was applied to deduce the deformation characteristics and roof rotation mechanism of industrial buildings on expansive soil foundation,the deformation characteristics and formation mechanism of cracks can be mutually verified and explained.This article also suggests preventive measures for cracks in expansive soil foundation buildings in areas such as expansive soil investigation,building design,foundation pit construction,and environmental protection.

关 键 词：膨胀土地基 地下车库 工业厂房 裂缝 应变椭球体理论 变形特征 旋转机理 预防措施 

分 类 号：TU746.3[建筑科学—建筑技术科学]