长距离醇氨管道输送前景和面临挑战  

Prospects and challenges of long-distance pipeline transportation for methanol and liquid ammonia

作　　者：聂超飞 周芮 刘罗茜 李康 王维斌 NIE Chaofei;ZHOU Rui;LIU Luoqian;LI Kang;WANG Weibin(PipeChina Institute of Science and Technology)

机构地区：[1]国家管网集团科学技术研究总院分公司

出　　处：《管道保护》2025年第2期13-24,共12页

摘　　要：随着全球对氢能需求的增加,甲醇与液氨(简称醇氨)作为氢能载体,因其储氢密度高、安全性好,在氢能储运领域展现出巨大潜力。目前醇氨输送主要依赖公路、铁路及海运,长距离管道输送尚未普及。通过对产业链上下游的系统调研与分析,论证了醇氨管道输送的必要性,针对醇氨管道输送存在的关键技术问题展开研究,以推动醇氨管道输送的商业化与规模化应用。梳理当前与未来中国醇氨的资源、市场分布以及供给、需求的发展趋势,并针对醇氨管道输送的基础物性、工艺、腐蚀、溶胀、泄漏扩散等关键技术问题进行理论分析,明确醇氨长距离管道输送的技术可行性。研究表明,醇氨在长距离管道输送方面展现出显著的应用前景,尤其是利用在役管道输送,可助力管道企业打造新的业务增长极。然而,实际管输过程中也面临诸多挑战,包括醇氨的物理、化学特性对系统设计的特殊要求,以及腐蚀、溶胀、泄漏、爆炸等安全风险。此外,当前关于甲醇输送的实践案例有限,且缺乏系统的标准体系,整体技术的标准化与规范化水平有待提高。醇氨作为绿色能源在长距离管道输送方面具有广阔的应用前景,但要实现其商业化与规模化应用,还需系统性解决管道输送涉及的流动安全、公共安全等各项挑战。未来应加强基础科学研究与技术创新,建立完善的管理体制、政策支持框架及技术标准体系,以期为将来中国醇氨管道输送技术研究提供参考与借鉴。As global demand for hydrogen energy rises,methanol and liquid ammonia have emerged as promising hydrogen carriers due to their high hydrogen storage density and safety performance.Currently,their transportation primarily relies on highways,railways,and sea routes,while long-distance pipeline transportation technology remains underutilized.In this study,the necessity of methanol and liquid ammonia pipeline transportation was clarified through systematic investigation and analy‐sis of the industry chain’s upstream and downstream components,while key technical issues were examined to promote the commercialization and large-scale application of this transportation technology.Focusing on the cases of methanol and liquid ammonia pipeline transportation,the current and future development trends of China’s methanol and liquid ammonia resources,market distribution,and supply-demand dynamics were analyzed.Key technical issues,including basic physical properties,processes,corrosion,swelling,and leakage diffusion,were theoretically examined to assess the technical feasibility of long-distance methanol and liquid ammonia pipeline transportation.The study indicated that long-distance pipeline transpor‐tation of methanol and liquid ammonia presents significant application prospects,particularly through the utilization of in-service pipelines,which can enable pipeline companies to establish new avenues for business growth.However,the pipeline transportation process faces several challenges,including the special system design requirements imposed by the physical and chemical properties of methanol and liquid ammonia,as well as safety risks such as corrosion,swelling,leakage,and explo‐sion.Furthermore,the study emphasized the need for improved technology standards and specifications due to the limited number of practical methanol transportation cases and the absence of a systematic standard system.As green energy sources,methanol and liquid ammonia hold significant potential for long-distance pipeline transportation.How

关 键 词：甲醇 液氨 管道输送 安全 标准 

分 类 号：TE88[石油与天然气工程—油气储运工程]