美国芯片产业立法问题及我国法律应对研究  

Research on legislation issues in the US chip industry and legal countermeasures in China

作　　者：蔡悦 CAI Yue(School of Law,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学法学院,北京100081

出　　处：《南京邮电大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期50-61,共12页Journal of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大专项(21VGQ002)。

摘　　要：全球芯片产业持续高速发展,不断凸显其重要性。近年来,美国着力加强国内芯片产业立法,通过加大对国内芯片产业的资金扶持以及增强出口管制等措施,促进芯片产业回流本国。美国对国内芯片产业的保护性立法冲击了芯片产业链的全球格局,也阻碍了我国的芯片产业升级。美国芯片产业立法在WTO框架下具有非法性,违背了最惠国待遇原则和国民待遇原则,滥用了“安全例外条款”,破坏了多边贸易规则。我国应当善用国际法和国内法,利用WTO争端解决机制展开救济并加强双边或区域性合作,同时,完善对外贸易及出口管制法律体系,加强芯片行业专项立法,从而突破美国芯片产业立法对我国的桎梏。The global chip industry continues to develop rapidly,highlighting its importance.In recent years,the U.S.has focused on strengthening domestic chip industry legislation and promoting the return of the chip industry to the U.S.by increasing financial support for the domestic chip industry as well as enhancing export control measures.The U.S.protective legislation for the domestic chip industry has impacted the global pattern of the chip industry chain and will hinder the upgrading of China's chip industry.The U.S.chip industry legislation is illegal under the WTO framework,which violates the principle of most-favored-nation treatment and the principle of national treatment,constitutes actionable subsidies and abuses the“security exception clause”to undermine multilateral trade rules.China should make good use of international and domestic laws,utilize the WTO dispute settlement mechanism to provide remedies,and strengthen bilateral or regional cooperation.At the same time,China should improve the legal system for foreign trade and export control,strengthen special legislation for the chip industry,and break through the shackles of US chip industry legislation on China.

关 键 词：芯片产业 立法 出口管制 非歧视原则 可诉补贴 

分 类 号：D922.29[政治法律—经济法学]