“世界导师”与莫迪政府的文化外交  

“Vishwaguru”in Practice India’s Cultural Diplomacy and the Reshaping of Global Order Since 2014

作　　者：唐颂 TANG Song

机构地区：[1]牛津大学全球与地区研究院

出　　处：《南亚东南亚研究》2025年第1期107-134,157,158,共30页South and Southeast Asian Studies

摘　　要：2014年以来,莫迪政府的文化外交展现出以塑造“世界导师”(Vishwaguru)国家形象为核心目标的新特征。“世界导师”概念在印度现代民族主义崛起的过程中逐渐成型,并在2014年后成为官方叙事的重要组成部分。通过建构一个以印度为全球“导师”的认可体系,莫迪政府不仅在国际层面确立了领导者形象、扭转了国家的边缘地位,还在国内选民中收获了更多政治支持。为传递这一国家形象,当代印度文化外交实践通过“知识共享”的核心模式,使“世界导师”话语得以具体化。2014年后,依托教育外交、民主价值输出、大型文化活动等主要机制,印度强化了自身作为全球知识提供者、民主制度起源国和全球精神导师的角色。此外,莫迪政府积极利用二十国集团峰会、联合国等多边外交平台,推动传统科学与哲学价值观的国际传播,以确立印度在全球治理中的特殊领导地位。“世界导师”概念的官方化与制度化,体现了印度教民族主义的意识形态取向,映射出正在崛起的印度通过文化外交重塑国际等级秩序的战略考量与实践路径。Since 2014,the cultural diplomacy of the Modi government has demonstrated a distinct emphasis on constructing India’s national image as the“Vishwaguru”(World Teacher).Emerging with modern Indian nationalism,this concept became central to official discourse after 2014.By constructing a recognition system that positions India as a world“Teacher”,the Modi government does not only seek to establish a leadership image on the international stage and reverse its marginal status but also to strengthen domestic voters’political support for the BJP.To convey this national image,contemporary Indian cultural diplomacy practices have materialized the“Vishwaguru”discourse through the core mode of“knowledge sharing”.After 2014,leveraging mechanisms such as educational diplomacy,the export of democratic values,and large-scale cultural activities,India has reinforced its roles as a global knowledge provider,the birthplace of democratic institutions,and a spiritual leader to the world.Additionally,the Modi government has actively utilized multilateral diplomatic platforms such as the G20 Summit and the United Nations to promote the international dissemination of traditional science and philosophical values,aiming to establish India’s unique leadership position in global governance.In short,the officialization and institutionalization of the“Vishwaguru”concept do not only reflect the ideological orientation of Hindu nationalism but also mirror the strategic considerations and practical pathways of a rising India to reshape the international hierarchical order through cultural diplomacy.

关 键 词：印度文化 “世界导师” 文化外交 莫迪政府 全球治理 

分 类 号：D81[政治法律—国际关系]