法照“净土五会念佛”文献与法事演变研究  

A Study on the Literature and Ritual Evolution of Fazhao’s“Five-Assembly Pure Land Buddha Recitation”

作　　者：武绍卫 WU Shao-wei(School of History,Shandong University,Jinan 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学历史学院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《兰州大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期151-159,共9页Journal of Lanzhou University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“敦煌佛教汉文抄经的历史学研究”(24CZS027)。

摘　　要：唐代形成的净土宗是佛教中国化的重要体现和发展成果,在整个东亚地区都有广泛而深远的影响。在净土宗形成和发展过程中,法照及其创立的“净土五会念佛”法门发挥了重要作用。关于“五会念佛”最重要的文献是保存在敦煌的《净土五会念佛诵经观行仪》以及保存在日本的《净土五会念佛略法事仪赞》和《净土五会念佛略法事仪赞末》。其中,敦煌本为广本,但仅存中、下两卷,上卷无存;日本所存虽为两卷,但实为一卷,且为略本。通过对上述三种文献所体现的法事结构等内容分析,可以大致知晓广本之上卷的内容;而将敦煌本和日本藏本与净土宗其他文献进行比较分析,亦可知晓法照“净土五会念佛”法门在后世的演变。“净土五会念佛”法门的创立及其演变都可谓是佛教中国化的生动例证。The Pure Land School,which emerged during the Tang Dynasty,represents a significant achievement in the localization of Buddhism in China and has exerted profound influence across East Asia.Fazhao and his creation of the“Five-Assembly Pure Land Buddha Recitation”ritual played a key role in the development of this school.The most important texts documenting this practice include the Ritual Manual for the Five-Assembly Buddha Recitation,Sutra Chanting,and Contemplation(preserved in Dunhuang manuscripts,though only the second and third volumes survive),and the Abridged Ritual Manual with Hymns for the Five-Assembly Pure Land Buddha Recitation and its supplement(preserved in Japan,consisting of a single abbreviated volume).By analyzing the ritual structure and content of these texts,the missing first volume of the expanded Dunhuang version can be partially reconstructed.Comparative analysis of these texts and other Pure Land literature reveals the evolution of Fazhao’s ritual practices in later periods.The creation and adaptation of the“Five-Assembly Buddha Recitation”ritual exemplify the dynamic process of Buddhism’s Sinicization.

关 键 词：法照 净土宗 “净土五会念佛”法门 《净土五会念佛诵经观行仪》 

分 类 号：B946[哲学宗教—宗教学]