TiAl合金热成形技术研究现状与展望  

Research status and prospect in hot forming techniques of TiAl alloys

作　　者：胡志力 张嘉恒[1,2,3] 华林 HU Zhili;ZHANG Jiaheng;HUA Lin(Hubei Longzhong Laboratory,Xiangyang 441000,Hubei,China;Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Automotive Components,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430070,China;Hubei Engineering Research Center for Green&Precision Material Forming,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北隆中实验室,湖北襄阳441000 [2]武汉理工大学现代汽车零部件技术湖北省重点实验室,武汉430070 [3]武汉理工大学材料绿色精密成形湖北省工程技术研究中心,武汉430070

出　　处：《材料工程》2025年第4期1-14,共14页Journal of Materials Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52075400,52275368);湖北省重点研发计划(2021baa200,2022aaa001);湖北省科技创新人才与服务专项项目(2022EJD012);湖北省自然科学基金(2023AFA069);湖北省隆中实验室自主创新项目(2022ZZ-04)。

摘　　要：轻量化是航空航天领域永恒的主题。TiAl合金的密度为3.9~4.2 g/cm^(3),是镍基高温合金的1/2,其兼具轻质与耐热的优异性能,在航空航天装备热端构件制造方面具有重要的应用价值。然而,TiAl合金具有本征脆性,存在室温塑性低和热变形能力差等问题,造成加工与成形难度大、成本高,限制了其大规模应用。本文在回顾总结TiAl合金发展历程及应用现状的基础上,综述了TiAl合金的铸造、粉末冶金、热塑性成形、增材制造等热成形技术的研究进展,其中重点讨论了热塑性成形技术,包括包套挤压、等温锻造、近等温锻造和包套轧制等。现有塑性成形技术存在的问题主要是TiAl合金塑性差、成形难度高、成形效率低以及性能不足,今后TiAl合金塑性成形的发展方向应是高效率、低成本近净成形,同时提高材料的利用率和力学性能。Lightweight is the eternal theme in the aerospace field.TiAl alloy has a density of 3.9-4.2 g/cm^(3),which is 1/2 of nickel based superalloy.It has excellent properties of light mass and heat resistance and has important application value in the manufacture of hot-end components of aerospace equipment.However,TiAl alloy has inherent brittleness,low plasticity at room temperature and poor thermal deformation ability,which makes it difficult to process and form,high cost,and limits its large-scale application.Based on the review of the development and application status of TiAl alloy,the research progress of hot forming technology such as casting,powder metallurgy,thermoplastic forming,and additive manufacturing is reviewed.The thermoplastic forming technology,including canned-extrusion,isothermal forging,nearisothermal forging,and canned-rolling,is emphasized.The main problems of the existing plastic forming technology are poor plasticity,high forming difficulty,low forming efficiency,and insufficient performance.In the future,the development direction of plastic forming of TiAl alloy should be high efficiency and low cost near net forming,while improving the utilization rate and mechanical properties of the material.

关 键 词：航空航天 TIAL合金 热塑性成形 近净成形 

分 类 号：TH162[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TB31[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]